Gịnị mere anyị kwesịrị ịma ụkpụrụ nke lasers?
Ịmara ọdịiche dị n'etiti laser semiconductor nkịtị, eriri, diski, naYAG lasernwekwara ike inye aka nweta nghọta ka mma na itinyekwu mkparịta ụka n'oge usoro nhọrọ.
Isiokwu a na-elekwasị anya na sayensị ndị a ma ama: mmeghe nkenke maka ụkpụrụ nke ọgbọ laser, isi nhazi nke lasers, na ọtụtụ ụdị lasers.
Nke mbụ, ụkpụrụ nke ọgbọ laser
A na-emepụta laser site na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ìhè na ihe, nke a maara dị ka mmụba radieshon kpaliri; Ịghọta mmụba radieshon na-akpali akpali chọrọ ịghọta echiche Einstein maka mgbapụta ikuku ozugbo, mkpali nnabata, na radieshon na-akpali akpali, yana ụfọdụ ntọala usoro iwu dị mkpa.
Theoretical ndabere 1: Bohr Model
Ihe nlereanya Bohr na-enyekarị usoro ime nke atọm, na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ịghọta otú laser si eme. Ihe mejupụtara atọm bụ nucleus na electrons n'èzí nucleus, na orbitals nke electrons adịghị aka ike. Electrons nwere naanị ụfọdụ orbitals, n'etiti nke innermost orbital a na-akpọ ala ala; Ọ bụrụ na eletrọn nọ na steeti ala, ike ya bụ nke kacha ala. Ọ bụrụ na eletrọn na-esi na orbit wụpụ, a na-akpọ ya ọnọdụ obi ụtọ nke mbụ, na ume nke ọnọdụ obi ụtọ mbụ ga-adị elu karịa nke ala ala; Ọzọ orbit ka a na-akpọ steeti obi ụtọ nke abụọ;
Ihe kpatara laser nwere ike ime bụ n'ihi na electrons ga-agagharị na orbits dị iche iche na ụdị a. Ọ bụrụ na electrons na-amịkọrọ ike, ha nwere ike ịgba ọsọ site na ala ala ruo na obi ụtọ; Ọ bụrụ na eletrọn na-esi na ọnọdụ obi ụtọ laghachi na ala ala, ọ ga-ahapụ ike, nke a na-ahapụkarị n'ụdị laser.
Theoretical ndabere 2: Einstein'stimulated Radiation Theory
N'afọ 1917, Einstein tụpụtara echiche nke radieshon na-akpali akpali, nke bụ usoro ihe ndabere maka lasers na mmepụta laser: absorption ma ọ bụ emission nke ihe bụ n'ezie ihe sitere na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mpaghara radieshon na ihe ndị mejupụtara ihe, na isi ya. ihe kacha mkpa bụ mgbanwe nke ahụ n'etiti ọkwa ike dị iche iche. Enwere usoro atọ dị iche iche na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ìhè na ihe: ikuku na-apụta n'oge, ihe na-akpali akpali, na mkpali nnabata. Maka usoro nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke irighiri ihe, usoro atọ a na-ebikọ ọnụ mgbe niile ma nwee njikọ chiri anya.
Mgbapụta na mberede:
Dị ka e gosiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ a: ihe eletrọn dị n'ogo ike dị elu E2 na-atụgharị n'otu oge gaa na ọkwa E1 dị ala ma na-ewepụta foton na ume nke hv, na hv=E2-E1; A na-akpọ usoro mgbanwe a na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla na nke na-enweghị njikọ, a na-akpọkwa ebili mmiri ọkụ nke na-esi na ntugharị na-apụtaghị ìhè.
Ihe e ji mara ihe na-apụta n'onwe ya: Photon ọ bụla nwere onwe ya, nwere ntụzịaka na usoro dị iche iche, oge ihe na-eme bụkwa nke enweghị usoro. Ọ bụ nke ọkụ na-enweghị isi na chaotic, nke na-abụghị ìhè nke laser chọrọ. Ya mere, usoro ọgbọ laser kwesịrị ibelata ụdị ọkụ a kpafuru akpafu. Nke a bụkwa otu n'ime ihe kpatara ogologo ikuku nke laser dị iche iche nwere ìhè kpafuo. Ọ bụrụ na a na-achịkwa nke ọma, enwere ike ileghara oke ikuku ikuku na laser anya. Ka laser dị ọcha, dị ka 1060 nm, ọ bụ 1060 nm niile, ụdị laser a nwere ọnụego nnabata na ike kwụsiri ike.
Mmụba na-akpali akpali:
Electrons na obere ume ike (obere orbitals), mgbe ha na-amịkọrọ photons, mgbanwe na elu ike ọkwa (high orbitals), na usoro a na-akpọ kpaliri absorption. Mmụba na-akpali akpali bụ ihe dị oké mkpa na otu n'ime usoro mgbapụta isi. The mgbapụta isi iyi nke laser na-enye photon ike ime ka ụmụ irighiri ihe na uru-ajụ mgbanwe na-echere kpaliri radieshon na elu ume etoju, emitting na laser.
Radieshon na-akpali akpali:
Mgbe ọkụ nke ike mpụga (hv=E2-E1) na-agbapụta, eletrọn dị n'ogo ike dị elu na-enwe obi ụtọ site na foton mpụga na-amali elu na ọkwa ume dị ala (oke orbit na-agba ọsọ na obere orbit). N'otu oge ahụ, ọ na-ewepụta foton nke bụ kpọmkwem otu foton dị na mpụga. Usoro a anaghị etinye ọkụ na-akpali akpali mbụ, ya mere, a ga-enwe foton abụọ yiri ya, nke a ga-aghọta ka electron na-agbapụta foton nke a na-etinye na mbụ, usoro a na-egbuke egbuke ka a na-akpọ radieshon na-akpali akpali, nke bụ usoro ntụgharị nke mkpali absorption.
Mgbe echiche ahụ doro anya, ọ dị nnọọ mfe iji wuo laser, dị ka egosiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị n'elu: n'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị nke nkwụsi ike ihe, ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke electrons dị na ala ala, electrons na ala ala, na laser na-adabere na ya. radieshon kpaliri. Ya mere, ihe owuwu nke laser bụ ikwe ka mmịpụta na-akpali akpali mee na mbụ, na-ebute electrons n'ogo ike dị elu, wee na-enye ihe mkpali iji mee ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke electrons dị elu na-eme ka radieshon na-akpali akpali, na-ahapụ photons, Site na nke a, Enwere ike ịmepụta laser. Ọzọ, anyị ga-ewebata usoro laser.
Ọdịdị Laser:
Dakọtara nhazi laser na ọnọdụ ọgbọ laser nke a kpọtụrụ aha na mbụ otu otu:
Ọnọdụ ihe omume na nhazi kwekọrọ:
1. E nwere uru ọkara na-enye amplification mmetụta dị ka laser na-arụ ọrụ ọkara, na ya arụ ọrụ ahụ nwere ume larịị Ọdịdị adabara n'ịwa kpaliri radieshon (tumadi ike igbapu electrons ka elu-ike orbitals na-adị ruo oge ụfọdụ. , wee hapụ photons n'otu ume site na radieshon kpaliri);
2. E nwere mpụga excitation isi iyi (mpupu isi iyi) nke nwere ike igbapu electrons site na ala larịị na elu larịị, na-eme ka urughuru nọmba inversion n'etiti elu na ala larịị nke laser (ie, mgbe e nwere ndị ọzọ elu-ike ahụ karịa. obere ike ike), dị ka oriọna xenon na lasers YAG;
3. Enwere oghere resonant nke nwere ike nweta oscillation laser, na-abawanye ogologo ọrụ nke ihe laser na-arụ ọrụ, na-enyocha ọnọdụ ọkụ ọkụ, na-achịkwa usoro mgbasa nke osisi ahụ, na-ahọrọ nke ọma na-abawanye ugboro ole radieshon na-akpali akpali iji meziwanye monochromaticity (n'ịhụ na A na-emepụta laser na ike ụfọdụ).
E gosipụtara usoro kwekọrọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị n'elu, nke bụ usoro dị mfe nke laser YAG. Ihe owuwu ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịdị mgbagwoju anya, mana isi bụ nke a. E gosipụtara usoro mmepụta laser na foto a:
Nhazi nke laser: nkewa n'ozuzu site na inweta ọkara ma ọ bụ site na ụdị ike laser
Nweta nhazi ọkwa ọkara:
Carbon dioxide laser: The uru usoro nke carbon dioxide laser bụ helium naCO2 laser,nke nwere ogologo ikuku laser nke 10.6um, nke bụ otu n'ime ngwaahịa laser izizi ka ewepụtara. Mgbado ọkụ laser nke mbụ dabere na laser carbon dioxide, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ịgbado ọkụ na igbutu ihe ndị na-abụghị ọla (ákwà, plastik, osisi, wdg). Na mgbakwunye, a na-ejikwa ya na igwe lithography. Enweghị ike ibunye laser carbon dioxide site na eriri anya wee na-aga n'okporo ụzọ anya oghere, Tongkuai mbụ mere nke ọma nke ọma, a na-ejikwa ọtụtụ ngwa ịkpụ;
YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) laser: YAG kristal dopped na neodymium (Nd) ma ọ bụ yttrium (Yb) metal ion dị ka laser uru ọkara, na-emission wavelength nke 1.06um. Laser YAG nwere ike iwepụta mkpụkọ dị elu, mana nkezi ike dị ala, na ike kacha elu nwere ike iru ugboro iri na ise nke ike. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ tumadi a pulse laser, na-aga n'ihu mmepụta enweghị ike nweta; Ma enwere ike ibunye ya site na eriri anya, ma n'otu oge ahụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ absorption nke ihe ígwè na-abawanye, ọ na-amalitekwa itinye ya na ihe ndị dị elu nke na-egosipụta ihe ngosi, nke mbụ etinyere na mpaghara 3C;
Fiber laser: Isi ihe dị ugbu a n'ahịa na-eji ytterbium doped fiber dị ka ihe na-enweta, yana ogologo ogologo nke 1060nm. A na-ekewakwa ya na eriri na diski diski dabere na ọdịdị nke ọkara; Fiber optic na-anọchite anya IPG, ebe diski na-anọchite anya Tongkuai.
Laser semiconductor: ihe na-enweta uru bụ njikọ PN semiconductor, na ogologo ogologo nke laser semiconductor bụ nke kachasị na 976nm. Ugbu a, semiconductor nso-infrared lasers ka a na-ejikarị maka mkpuchi, na-enwe ntụpọ dị elu karịa 600um. Laserline bụ ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya nke lasers semiconductor.
Nkewa site n'ụdị ọrụ ike: Pulse laser (PULSE), laser na-aga n'ihu (QCW), laser na-aga n'ihu (CW)
Pulse laser: nanosecond, picosecond, femtosecond, nke a elu-frequency pulse laser (ns, pulse width) nwere ike na-enweta ike elu elu, elu ugboro (MHZ) nhazi, eji maka nhazi mkpa ọla kọpa na aluminum dissimilar ihe, yana ihicha ukwuu n'ime. . Site n'iji ike kachasị elu, ọ nwere ike ịgbaze ngwa ngwa isi ihe, na-enwe obere oge ọrụ na obere mpaghara okpomọkụ emetụtara. Ọ nwere uru na nhazi ihe ndị dị oke mkpa (n'okpuru 0.5mm);
Quasi na-aga n'ihu laser (QCW): N'ihi nnukwu nkwughachi ọnụego yana obere ọrụ okirikiri (n'okpuru 50%), obosara usu nkeQCW lasereru 50 us-50 ms, na-ejuputa ọdịiche dị n'etiti kilowatt larịị na-aga n'ihu fiber laser na Q-switched pulse laser; The ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke a quasi na-aga n'ihu fiber laser nwere ike iru 10 ugboro nkezi ike n'okpuru na-aga n'ihu mode ọrụ. QCW lasers n'ozuzu nwere abụọ ụdịdị, otu bụ na-aga n'ihu ịgbado ọkụ na ala ike, na ndị ọzọ na-pulsed laser ịgbado ọkụ na a elu ike nke 10 ugboro nkezi ike, nke nwere ike nweta thicker ihe na ọzọ okpomọkụ ịgbado ọkụ, ma na-achịkwa okpomọkụ n'ime a. oke obere;
Laser na-aga n'ihu (CW): Nke a bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe, na ọtụtụ lasers a na-ahụ n'ahịa bụ lasers CW nke na-arụpụta laser maka nhazi ịgbado ọkụ. A na-ekewa laser fiber n'ime otu-mode na multi-mode lasers dị ka dayameta isi dị iche iche na àgwà beam si dị, enwere ike ịmegharị ya na ọnọdụ ngwa dị iche iche.
Oge nzipu: Dec-20-2023
