N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, nhichapụ laser aghọwo otu n'ime ebe nyocha na-eme nchọpụta n'ọhịa nke mmepụta ihe, nchọpụta na-ekpuchi usoro, tiori, ngwá ọrụ na ngwa. N'ime ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, teknụzụ ihicha laser enwewo ike ịdabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche, ihicha ihe gụnyere ígwè, aluminom, titanium, iko na ihe ndị mejupụtara, wdg, ụlọ ọrụ ngwa na-ekpuchi ikuku, ụgbọ elu, mbupu, ngwa ngwa dị elu. ụgbọ okporo ígwè, ụgbọala, ebu, nuklia ike na mmiri na ndị ọzọ ubi.
Teknụzụ nhicha laser, malitere na 1960s, nwere uru dị na nsonaazụ nhicha dị mma, ngwa dị iche iche, nkenke zuru oke, enweghị kọntaktị na nnweta. N'ichepụta ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, mmepụta na mmezi na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nwere atụmanya dị iche iche nke ngwa, a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-abụ akụkụ ma ọ bụ kpamkpam dochie usoro nhicha omenala, wee ghọọ teknụzụ nhicha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ kacha mma na narị afọ nke 21.
Usoro nhicha laser
Usoro nhicha laser dị nnọọ mgbagwoju anya, gụnyere usoro dị iche iche nke iwepụ ihe onwunwe, maka usoro nhicha laser, usoro nhicha ahụ nwere ike ịdị n'otu oge ahụ usoro dị iche iche, nke bụ isi na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti laser na ihe onwunwe, gụnyere. ihe n'elu ablation, decomposition, ionization, mmebi, agbaze, combustion, vaporization, vibration, sputtering, mgbasawanye, shrinkage, mgbawa, peeling, ịwụfu na ndị ọzọ anụ ahụ na mgbanwe mgbanwe. usoro.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụzọ ihicha laser a na-ahụkarị bụ atọ: nhicha nke ablation laser, nhicha ihe nkiri na-enyere aka nhicha laser na ụzọ nhicha ujo laser.
Usoro nhicha nke ablation laser
Isi usoro usoro bụ ịgbasa ọkụ, vaporization, ablation na mgbawa oge. Laser na-arụ ọrụ ozugbo na ihe a ga-ewepụ n'elu nke mkpụrụ ahụ na ọnọdụ gburugburu nwere ike ịbụ ikuku, gas na-adịghị ahụkebe ma ọ bụ oghere. Ọnọdụ ọrụ dị mfe na nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe iji wepụ ihe mkpuchi dị iche iche, agba, akụkụ ma ọ bụ unyi. Eserese dị n'okpuru na-egosi eserese usoro maka usoro nhicha ablation laser.
Mgbe irradiation laser n'elu ihe ahụ, ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na ihicha ihe bụ mgbasawanye ọkụ mbụ. Na-abawanye na Laser mmekọrịta oge na ihe nhicha ihe, ma ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ dị ala karịa ihicha ihe si cavitation ọnụ ụzọ, ihicha ihe naanị anụ ahụ mgbanwe usoro, ihe dị iche n'etiti ihicha ihe na substrate thermal ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ na-eduga ná nrụgide na interface. , ihe na-ehicha ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha, na-adọka n'elu nke mkpụrụ, mgbawa, mgbaji n'ibu, vibration-etipịa, wdg, a na-ewepụ ihe nhicha ahụ site na jet ma ọ bụ wepụ ihe dị n'elu ala.
Ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ dị elu karịa gasification ọnụ ụzọ okpomọkụ nke ihe nhicha, a ga-enwe ọnọdụ abụọ: 1) ọnụ ụzọ ablation nke ihe nchacha na-erughị ala; 2) ọnụ ụzọ ablation nke ihe nhicha dị ukwuu karịa mkpụrụ.
Ihe abụọ a nke ihe nhicha ihe na-agbaze, cavitation na ablation na mgbanwe physicochemical ndị ọzọ, usoro nhicha dị mgbagwoju anya, na mgbakwunye na mmetụta thermal, ma nwekwara ike ịgụnye ihe nhicha na ihe ndị dị n'etiti nkwụsị nke njikọ molecular, ihe nhicha ihe decomposition ma ọ bụ mmebi, oge. mgbawa, ihe nhicha gasification ozugbo ionization, ọgbọ nke plasma.
(1)Ihe nkiri mmiri mmiri nyere aka nhicha laser
Usoro usoro tumadi nwere mmiri mmiri film esi vaporization na vibration, wdg .. The ojiji nke mkpa ịhọrọ kwesịrị ekwesị laser wavelength, n'ụzọ na-eme ka elu maka enweghị mmetụta nrụgide na laser ablation ihicha usoro, nwere ike iji wepụ. ụfọdụ n'ime ihe siri ike iwepụ ihe nhicha ahụ.
Dị ka e gosiri na foto dị n'okpuru ebe a, ihe nkiri mmiri mmiri (mmiri, ethanol ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri ndị ọzọ) kpuchiri ya n'elu ihe nhicha ahụ, wee jiri laser mee ihe na-egbuke egbuke. Ihe nkiri Liquid na-amịkọrọ ike laser nke na-akpata mgbawa siri ike nke mgbasa ozi mmiri mmiri, mgbawa nke mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-agba ọsọ ọsọ ọsọ, ike na-ebufe n'elu ihe nhicha elu, ihe mgbawa dị elu na-agafe agafe zuru ezu iji wepụ unyi elu iji nweta nzube nhicha.
Usoro nhicha laser na-enyere aka ihe nkiri mmiri mmiri nwere ihe ọghọm abụọ.
Usoro dị egwu ma sie ike ịchịkwa usoro ahụ.
N'ihi iji ihe nkiri mmiri mmiri mee ihe, ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ nke ihe dị n'elu ala mgbe ihichachara dị mfe ịgbanwe ma mepụta ihe ọhụrụ.
(1)Usoro nhicha ụdị ujo laser
Usoro obibia na usoro dị nnọọ iche na nke mbụ abụọ, usoro bụ tumadi ujo ife ike mwepụ, ihicha ihe bụ tumadi ahụ, tumadi maka mwepụ nke ahụ (sub-micron ma ọ bụ nanoscale). Usoro chọrọ dị nnọọ nlezianya, ma iji hụ na ike ionize ikuku, kamakwa ịnọgide na-enwe a kwesịrị ekwesị anya n'etiti laser na mkpụrụ iji hụ na omume na ahụ nke mmetụta ike bụ nnukwu ezuru.
Laser ujo ebili mmiri ihicha usoro schematic eserese na-e gosiri n'okpuru, na laser ka yiri ntụziaka nke mkpụrụ n'elu ogbugba, na mkpụrụ anaghị abata kọntaktị. Bugharịa workpiece ma ọ bụ isi laser iji dozie nlebara anya laser na ihe dị nso na mmepụta laser, ebe a na-ahụ maka ikuku ionization ga-eme, na-ebute ebili mmiri ujo, ebili mmiri na-ama jijiji na mgbasawanye ngwa ngwa nke mgbasawanye okirikiri, wee gbasaa na kọntaktị. na irighiri ihe. Mgbe oge nke transverse akụrụngwa nke ujo ife na urughuru bụ ukwuu karịa oge nke longitudinal akụrụngwa na urughuru adhesion ike, urughuru ga-wepụrụ site mpịakọta.
Teknụzụ nhicha laser
Laser ihicha usoro na-tumadi dabeere n'elu ihe mgbe absorption nke laser ike, ma ọ bụ vaporization na volatilization, ma ọ bụ ozugbo thermal mgbasawanye imeri adsorption nke ahụ n'elu, nke mere na ihe si n'elu, na mgbe ahụ nweta ihe. nzube nke ihicha.
Achịkọta nke ọma dị ka: 1. Laser vepor decomposition, 2. Laser stripping, 3. thermal expansion of unyi ahụ, 4. substrate elu vibration na urughuru vibration akụkụ anọ.
Tụnyere usoro ihicha ọdịnala, teknụzụ nhicha laser nwere njirimara ndị a.
1. Ọ bụ nhicha "akọrọ", ọ dịghị ihe ngwọta dị ọcha ma ọ bụ ihe ngwọta ndị ọzọ na-edozi ahụ, na ịdị ọcha dị elu karịa usoro nhicha kemịkal.
2. The akporo nke mwepụ nke unyi na ọdabara substrate nso bụ nnọọ mbara, na
3. Site na ụkpụrụ nke usoro usoro laser, enweghị ike imebi elu nke mkpụrụ na ndabere nke iwepụ ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ, bụ elu dị ka ihe ọhụrụ.
4. Laser ihicha nwere ike mfe akpaghị aka ọrụ.
5. Enwere ike iji akụrụngwa decontamination laser mee ogologo oge, ụgwọ ọrụ dị ala.
6. Laser ihicha technology bụ a: akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ: ihicha usoro, kpochapụ ihe mkpofu bụ a siri ike ntụ ntụ, obere size, mfe na-echekwa, ihu ọma agaghị emetọ gburugburu ebe obibi.
N'afọ ndị 1980, mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor na elu nke silicon wafer mask na-emerụ ahụ nke teknụzụ nhicha na-ebute ihe ndị dị elu chọrọ, isi ihe bụ imeri mmetọ nke micro-particles na mkpụrụ n'etiti nnukwu adsorption ike. , ihicha kemịkalụ ọdịnala, nhicha igwe, ụzọ nhicha ultrasonic enweghị ike imezu ihe a chọrọ, na nhicha laser nwere ike dozie nsogbu mmetọ dị otú ahụ, emepụtara nyocha na ngwa ndị metụtara ngwa ngwa.
Na 1987, ọdịdị mbụ nke ngwa patent na nhicha laser. Na 1990s, Zapka gara nke ọma tinye laser ihicha technology na semiconductor n'ichepụta usoro iji wepụ micro-particles si n'elu nke nkpuchi, ghọtara na mmalite ngwa nke laser nhicha technology na ulo oru ubi. N'afọ 1995, ndị nchọpụta jiri laser 2 kW TEA-CO2 mee ihe nke ọma iji nweta nhichapụ nke fuselage fenti ụgbọ elu.
Mgbe abanye na 21st narị afọ, na elu-ọsọ mmepe nke ultra-short usu lasers, anụ ụlọ na mba ọzọ nnyocha na ngwa nke laser ihicha technology nke nta nke nta mụbara, na-elekwasị anya n'elu metal ihe, ahụkarị mba ọzọ ngwa bụ ụgbọ elu fuselage agba mwepụ, ebu. nbibi elu, engine n'ime carbon mwepụ na elu ihicha nkwonkwo tupu ịgbado ọkụ. US Edison Welding Institute laser nhicha nke ụgbọ elu agha FG16, mgbe ike laser nke 1 kW, olu nhicha nke 2.36 cm3 kwa nkeji.
Ọ bara uru ịkọwa na nyocha na ngwa nke mkpochapụ agba laser nke akụkụ ihe mejupụtara dị elu bụkwa ebe dị ọkụ. US Navy HG53, HG56 helikopta propeller agụba na F16 fighter jet si flat ọdụ na ndị ọzọ mejupụtara na-ebupụta a ghọtara laser agba mwepụ ngwa, mgbe China mejupụtara ihe na ụgbọ elu ngwa mbubreyo, otú ahụ nnyocha bụ isi na oghere.
Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, iji teknụzụ nhicha laser na CFRP mejupụtara ọgwụgwọ elu nke nkwonkwo tupu gluing iji meziwanye ike nke nkwonkwo bụkwa otu n'ime nyocha nyocha ugbu a. imeghari laser ụlọ ọrụ na Audi TT ụgbọ ala mmepụta akara na-enye eriri laser ihicha akụrụngwa ọcha n'elu nke fechaa aluminum alloy ụzọ etiti oxide film. Rolls G Royce UK ji laser ihicha ihe na-ehicha ihe nkiri oxide n'elu nke titanium aero-engine components.
Laser ihicha technology etolitela ngwa ngwa n'ime afọ abụọ gara aga, ma ọ bụ laser ihicha usoro parameters na ihicha usoro, ihicha ihe nchọpụta ma ọ bụ ngwa nke nnyocha emewo nnukwu ọganihu. Laser ihicha technology mgbe a otutu nke theoretical nnyocha, na-elekwasị anya nke ya nnyocha na-mgbe niile elegide anya n'ebe ngwa nke nnyocha, na na ngwa nke na-ekwe nkwa pụta. N'ọdịnihu, laser nhicha technology na-echebe nke omenala relics na-arụ ọrụ nke nkà ga-kasị ebe-eji, na ya ahịa bụ nnọọ sara mbara. Na mmepe nke sayensị na nkà na ụzụ, ngwa nke laser ihicha technology na ụlọ ọrụ na-aghọ a eziokwu, na akporo nke ngwa na-aghọ ndị ọzọ na ọtụtụ.
Maven laser automation ụlọ ọrụ na-elekwasị anya na laser ụlọ ọrụ maka afọ 14, anyị ọkachamara na laser marking, anyị nwere igwe kabinet laser nhicha igwe, trolley case laser ihicha igwe, azu paaki laser nhicha igwe na atọ n'ime otu laser ihicha igwe, na mgbakwunye, anyị nwekwara. igwe ịgbado ọkụ laser, igwe na-egbutu laser na igwe na-aka akara laser, ọ bụrụ na ị nwere mmasị na igwe anyị, ị nwere ike soro anyị wee nweere onwe gị ịkpọtụrụ anyị.
Oge nzipu: Nov-14-2022
