A na-atụ aro usoro ịgbado ọkụ nke abụọ-obeam, tumadi iji dozie mgbanwe nkeịgbado ọkụ laseriji mee ka mgbakọ ahụ dịkwuo mma, melite nkwụsi ike nke usoro ịgbado ọkụ, ma melite ogo nke weld, karịsịa maka ịgbado ọkụ dị mkpa na aluminum alloy welding. Igwe ịgbado ọkụ nke abụọ nwere ike iji ụzọ anya kewaa otu laser ahụ n'ime ọkụ abụọ dị iche iche maka ịgbado ọkụ. Ọ nwekwara ike iji ụdị laser abụọ dị iche iche iji jikọta, CO2 laser, Nd: YAG laser na laser semiconductor dị elu. enwere ike ijikọta. Site na-agbanwe agbanwe ike, doo spacing, na ọbụna ike nkesa ụkpụrụ nke abụọ ibé, ịgbado ọkụ ubi ubi nwere ike gbanwee adaba na flexibly, na-agbanwe ịdị adị ụkpụrụ nke oghere na eruba ụkpụrụ nke mmiri mmiri metal n'ime ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ. , na-enye ngwọta dị mma maka usoro ịgbado ọkụ. Oghere dị ukwuu nke nhọrọ enweghị atụ site na ịgbado ọkụ laser otu-beam. Ọ bụghị nanị na ọ nwere uru nke nnukwu ịgbado ọkụ laser penetration, ngwa ngwa ọsọ na elu nkenke, ma na-nwere oké mgbanwe na ihe na nkwonkwo na-esi ike weld na ot laser ịgbado ọkụ.
Ụkpụrụ nkeabụọ-obé laser ịgbado ọkụ
Ịgbado ọkụ okpukpu abụọ pụtara iji eriri laser abụọ n'otu oge n'oge usoro ịgbado ọkụ. Nhazi osisi, oghere oghere, akụkụ dị n'etiti oghere abụọ ahụ, ọnọdụ na-elekwasị anya na ike ike nke ogwe abụọ ahụ bụ ntọala niile dị mkpa na ịgbado ọkụ laser abụọ. oke. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, n'oge usoro ịgbado ọkụ, a na-enwekarị ụzọ abụọ iji hazie ogwe osisi abụọ. Dị ka e gosiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ, otu na-ahaziri n'usoro na ịgbado ọkụ direction. Nhazi a nwere ike ibelata ọnụego jụrụ oyi nke ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ. Na-ebelata ịdị ike nke weld na ọgbọ nke pores. Nke ọzọ bụ ịhazi ha n'akụkụ ma ọ bụ crosswise n'akụkụ abụọ nke weld iji melite mgbanwe na oghere weld.
Ụkpụrụ ịgbado ọkụ laser okpukpu abụọ
Ịgbado ọkụ okpukpu abụọ pụtara iji eriri laser abụọ n'otu oge n'oge usoro ịgbado ọkụ. Nhazi osisi, oghere oghere, akụkụ dị n'etiti oghere abụọ ahụ, ọnọdụ na-elekwasị anya na ike ike nke ogwe abụọ ahụ bụ ntọala niile dị mkpa na ịgbado ọkụ laser abụọ. oke. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, n'oge usoro ịgbado ọkụ, a na-enwekarị ụzọ abụọ iji hazie ogwe osisi abụọ. Dị ka e gosiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ, otu na-ahaziri n'usoro na ịgbado ọkụ direction. Nhazi a nwere ike ibelata ọnụego jụrụ oyi nke ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ. Na-ebelata ịdị ike nke weld na ọgbọ nke pores. Nke ọzọ bụ ịhazi ha n'akụkụ ma ọ bụ crosswise n'akụkụ abụọ nke weld iji melite mgbanwe na oghere weld.
Maka sistemu ịgbado ọkụ laser abụọ nke tandem haziri, enwere usoro ịgbado ọkụ atọ dị iche iche dabere na anya dị n'etiti oghere ihu na azụ, dị ka egosiri na foto dị n'okpuru.
1. N'ụdị mbụ nke usoro ịgbado ọkụ, ebe dị anya n'etiti ọkụ abụọ nke ìhè dị oke. Otu ibé nke ìhè nwere ukwuu ike njupụta na-elekwasị anya n'elu nke workpiece na-emepụta keyholes na ịgbado ọkụ; ìhè nke ọzọ nwere obere ike njupụta. A na-eji naanị ya dị ka isi iyi ọkụ maka ọgwụgwọ ọkụ tupu weld ma ọ bụ post-weld ọgwụgwọ. N'iji usoro ịgbado ọkụ a, enwere ike ịchịkwa ọnụ ọgụgụ jụrụ oyi nke ọdọ mmiri ịgbado ọkụ n'ime ihe dị iche iche, nke bara uru maka ịgbado ihe ụfọdụ nwere mmetụta mgbawa dị elu, dị ka nnukwu carbon ígwè, alloy steel, wdg, ma nwee ike imeziwanye ike ahụ. nke weld.
2. N'ụdị nke abụọ nke usoro ịgbado ọkụ, ebe a na-elekwasị anya n'etiti ọkụ ọkụ abụọ dị ntakịrị. Igwe ọkụ abụọ ahụ na-emepụta oghere igodo abụọ nwere onwe ha n'ime ọdọ mmiri ịgbado ọkụ, nke na-agbanwe usoro nke igwe mmiri na-asọpụta ma na-enyere aka igbochi njide. Ọ nwere ike wepụ ọnọdụ nke ntụpọ dị ka n'ọnụ na weld bead bulges ma melite nguzobe weld.
3. N'ime ụdị nke atọ nke usoro ịgbado ọkụ, ebe dị anya n'etiti ọkụ abụọ nke ìhè dị ntakịrị. N'oge a, ọkụ abụọ nke ọkụ na-emepụta otu igodo igodo na ọdọ mmiri ịgbado ọkụ. E jiri ya tụnyere otu-beam laser ịgbado ọkụ, n'ihi na keyhole size na-aghọ ibu na-adịghị mfe imechi, na ịgbado ọkụ usoro bụ ihe kwụsiri ike na gas dị mfe igbapu, nke bara uru na mbenata pores na spatter, na inweta na-aga n'ihu, edo na mara mma welds.
N'oge usoro ịgbado ọkụ, abụọ laser ibé nwekwara ike-mere na a ụfọdụ akụkụ onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Usoro ịgbado ọkụ yiri usoro ịgbado ọkụ okpukpu abụọ. Nsonaazụ ule na-egosi na site n'iji OOs abụọ nwere ike dị elu nwere akụkụ 30 ° na ibe ya na anya nke 1 ~ 2mm, eriri laser nwere ike nweta mkpịsị ugodi nke nwere oghere. Ogo igodo igodo buru ibu ma kwụsie ike, nke nwere ike melite ogo ịgbado ọkụ nke ọma. Na ngwa bara uru, enwere ike ịgbanwe nchikota ọnụ nke ọkụ abụọ nke ọkụ dịka ọnọdụ ịgbado ọkụ dị iche iche iji nweta usoro ịgbado ọkụ dị iche iche.
6. Usoro mmejuputa nke abụọ-beam laser ịgbado ọkụ
Enwere ike nweta nnweta nke okpukpu abụọ site na ijikọta ụzarị ọkụ abụọ dị iche iche, ma ọ bụ otu eriri laser nwere ike kewaa n'ime oghere laser abụọ maka ịgbado ọkụ site na iji usoro spectrometry anya. Iji kewaa n'ikuku ọkụ gaa n'ibe laser abụọ yiri ike dị iche iche, enwere ike iji spectroscope ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ ngwa anya pụrụ iche. Foto a na-egosi eserese abụọ schematic nke ụkpụrụ nkewa ìhè na-eji enyo na-elekwasị anya dị ka ndị na-ekesa ọkụ.
Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a pụkwara iji onye na-atụgharị anya mee ihe dị ka onye na-ekesa ọkụ, na nke ikpeazụ na-atụgharị n'okporo ụzọ anya nwere ike iji mee ihe dị ka ihe nkedo. Ụdị ihe ngosi a na-akpọkwa ihe nlegharị anya nke ụlọ. N'elu ya na-egbuke egbuke abụghị elu dị larịị, kama ọ nwere ụgbọ elu abụọ. Akara njikọ nke akụkụ abụọ ahụ na-atụgharị uche dị n'etiti etiti enyo ahụ, dị ka ọnụ ụlọ elu, dị ka e gosiri na foto a. Igwe ọkụ yiri ya na-enwu na spectroscope, na-egosipụta site na ụgbọ elu abụọ n'akụkụ dị iche iche iji mepụta ìhè abụọ, ma na-enwu n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche nke enyo na-elekwasị anya. Mgbe elekwasị anya, a na-enweta ọkụ abụọ nke ọkụ n'ebe dị anya n'elu ọrụ ahụ. Site n'ịgbanwe akụkụ dị n'etiti akụkụ abụọ ahụ na-egosipụta na ọnọdụ nke elu ụlọ, a na-ekewa ọkụ ọkụ dị iche iche anya na nhazi dị iche iche.
Mgbe ị na-eji ụdị abụọ dị iche icheọkụ laser to na-etolite a okpukpu abụọ, enwere ọtụtụ ngwakọta. Enwere ike iji laser CO2 dị elu nke nwere ike nkesa Gaussian maka ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ bụ isi, na laser semiconductor nwere ike nkesa akụkụ anọ nwere ike iji nyere aka n'ọrụ ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ. N'otu aka ahụ, nchikota a na-abawanye ụba. N'aka nke ọzọ, ike nke ọkụ ọkụ abụọ ahụ nwere ike gbanwee onwe ya. Maka ụdị nkwonkwo dị iche iche, enwere ike ịnweta ubi okpomọkụ na-agbanwe agbanwe site n'ịgbanwe ọnọdụ nke laser na semiconductor laser, nke dị mma maka ịgbado ọkụ. Njikwa usoro. Na mgbakwunye, YAG laser na CO2 laser nwekwara ike ijikọ n'ime okpukpu abụọ maka ịgbado ọkụ, laser na-aga n'ihu na laser pulse nwere ike ijikọta maka ịgbado ọkụ, na ọkụ a na-elekwasị anya na ebe a na-atụgharị anya nwekwara ike jikọta maka ịgbado ọkụ.
7. Ụkpụrụ nke ịgbado ọkụ laser abụọ
3.1 Mgbado ọkụ laser okpukpu abụọ nke galvanized Ibé akwụkwọ
Mpempe ígwè galvanized bụ ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala. Ebe mgbaze nke ígwè dị gburugburu 1500C, ebe isi ihe na-esi na zinc bụ naanị 906 Celsius. Ya mere, mgbe ị na-eji usoro ịgbado ọkụ na-ejikọta ọnụ, a na-emepụta nnukwu vapor zinc, na-eme ka usoro ịgbado ọkụ ghara ịdị n'otu. , na-akpụ pores na weld. Maka nkwonkwo ụkwụ, nkwụsịtụ nke oyi akwa galvanized ọ bụghị nanị na-eme n'elu elu na nke dị ala, kamakwa ọ na-eme na nkwonkwo. N'oge usoro ịgbado ọkụ, zinc vapor na-agbapụ ngwa ngwa n'elu ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ n'akụkụ ụfọdụ, ebe n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ ọ na-esiri ike kuku zinc gbanarị n'ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ. N'elu ọdọ mmiri ahụ, àgwà ịgbado ọkụ adịghị akwụsị akwụsị.
Mgbado ọkụ laser nwere okpukpu abụọ nwere ike dozie nsogbu ịdị mma nke ịgbado ọkụ nke vapo zinc kpatara. Otu ụzọ bụ ijikwa oge ịdị adị na ọnụego jụrụ oyi nke ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ site n'ikwekọ n'ụzọ ziri ezi nke ike nke ogwe abụọ ahụ iji kwado mgbapụ nke vapo zinc; Ụzọ nke ọzọ bụ hapụ zinc vapor site n'itinye aka n'ihu ma ọ bụ ịkwagharị. Dịka e gosiri na foto 6-31, a na-eji laser CO2 eme ihe maka ịgbado ọkụ. Laser YAG dị n'ihu laser CO2 ma ejiri ya gwuo oghere ma ọ bụ bee grooves. Oghere ma ọ bụ oghere ndị a na-emebu ụzọ na-enye ụzọ mgbapụ maka vapo zinc nke a na-emepụta n'oge ịgbado ọkụ na-esote, na-egbochi ya ka ọ dịrị n'ime ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ na ịmepụta ntụpọ.
3.2 Igwe ọkụ laser okpukpu abụọ nke aluminum alloy
N'ihi njirimara arụmọrụ pụrụ iche nke ihe ndị aluminom alloy, enwere ihe isi ike ndị a na-eji laser ịgbado ọkụ [39]: aluminum alloy nwere obere absorption nke laser, na ngosipụta mbụ nke ikuku laser CO2 karịrị 90%; aluminum alloy laser welding seams dị mfe ịmepụta Porosity, cracks; ọkụ nke alloy ọcha n'oge ịgbado ọkụ, wdg Mgbe ị na-eji otu laser ịgbado ọkụ, ọ na-esiri ike guzobe keyhole na ịnọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike. Ịgbado ọkụ laser okpukpu abụọ nwere ike ime ka ọnụ ọgụgụ isi dị elu dịkwuo elu, na-eme ka o sie ike ka oghere igodo mechie, nke bara uru na nkwụsị gas. Ọ nwekwara ike ibelata ọnụego jụrụ oyi ma belata ihe omume nke pores na mgbawa ịgbado ọkụ. Ebe ọ bụ na usoro ịgbado ọkụ na-esiwanye ike na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke spatter na-ebelata, ọdịdị elu weld nke a na-enweta site na ịgbado ọkụ abụọ nke aluminom alloys dịkwa mma karịa nke ịgbado ọkụ otu-beam. Onyonyo 6-32 na-egosi mpụta nke weld seam nke 3mm oké aluminum alloy butt ịgbado ọkụ na-eji CO2 single-beam laser na abụọ-beam laser ịgbado ọkụ.
Nnyocha na-egosi na mgbe ịgbado ọkụ 2mm oké 5000 usoro aluminum alloy, mgbe anya n'etiti abụọ doo bụ 0.6 ~ 1.0mm, na ịgbado ọkụ usoro bụ dịtụ kwụsiri ike na keyhole oghere kpụrụ bụ ibu, nke bụ conducive na evaporation na mgbapụ nke magnesium n'oge. usoro ịgbado ọkụ. Ọ bụrụ na anya dị n'etiti ogwe abụọ ahụ dị ntakịrị, usoro ịgbado ọkụ nke otu osisi agaghị adị mma. Ọ bụrụ na anya dị oke ibu, a ga-emetụta ntinye ịgbado ọkụ, dị ka egosiri na foto 6-33. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, oke ike nke ogwe abụọ ahụ nwekwara mmetụta dị ukwuu na àgwà ịgbado ọkụ. Mgbe a na-ahazi oghere abụọ ahụ nwere oghere nke 0.9mm n'usoro maka ịgbado ọkụ, ike nke ọkụ gara aga kwesịrị ịba ụba nke ọma ka ike ike nke oghere abụọ ahụ dị n'ihu na mgbe ọ gachara karịa 1: 1. Ọ na-enye aka iji melite ogo nke ịgbado ọkụ, mụbaa ebe mgbaze, ma ka na-enweta eriri ịgbado ọkụ mara mma ma mara mma mgbe ọsọ ịgbado ọkụ dị elu.
3.3 Mgbado ọkụ okpukpu abụọ nke efere ọkpụrụkpụ na-enweghị nha
Na mmepụta nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ọ na-adịkarị mkpa ịkwanye efere ígwè abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa nke ọkpụrụkpụ na ọdịdị dị iche iche iji mepụta efere gbawara agbawa. Karịsịa na mmepụta ụgbọ ala, ngwa nke akwa akwa akwa akwa na-aghọwanye ebe niile. Site na ịgbado efere nwere nkọwa dị iche iche, mkpuchi elu ma ọ bụ ihe onwunwe, ike nwere ike ịbawanye ike, belata ihe oriri, na ịdị mma belata. A na-ejikarị ịgbado ọkụ laser nke efere dị iche iche na ịgbado ọkụ panel. Nsogbu bụ isi bụ na efere ndị a ga-agbado ga-abụrịrị ndị nwere akụkụ dị elu dị elu ma hụ na mgbakọ dị elu dị elu. Ojiji nke ịgbado ọkụ okpukpu abụọ nke efere na-enweghị nha nha nwere ike ime mgbanwe maka mgbanwe dị iche iche na oghere efere, nkwonkwo butt, ọkpụrụkpụ ikwu na ihe efere efere. Ọ nwere ike weld efere nwere nnukwu ọnụ na ohere ohere ma melite ọsọ ịgbado ọkụ na weld mma.
Enwere ike kewaa isi usoro nke ịgbado ọkụ Shuangguangdong nke efere na-enweghị nha nha ka ọ bụrụ nha ịgbado ọkụ na nkeji efere, dị ka egosiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ. Welding parameters na-agụnye ike nke abụọ laser doo, ịgbado ọkụ ọsọ, elekwasị anya ọnọdụ, ịgbado ọkụ isi n'akuku, doo adiana n'akuku nke abụọ- doo butt nkwonkwo na ịgbado ọkụ dechapụ, wdg Board parameters gụnyere ihe size, arụmọrụ, trimming ọnọdụ, osisi gaps. , wdg. Enwere ike gbanwee ike nke eriri laser abụọ dị iche iche dịka ebumnuche ịgbado ọkụ dị iche iche. Ọnọdụ a na-elekwasị anya na-adịkarị n'elu efere dị mkpa iji nweta usoro ịgbado ọkụ siri ike ma dị mma. A na-ahọrọkarị akụkụ isi ịgbado ọkụ ka ọ dị gburugburu 6. Ọ bụrụ na ọkpụrụkpụ nke efere abụọ ahụ buru ibu, enwere ike iji akụkụ isi ịgbado ọkụ dị mma, ya bụ, a na-atụgharị laser n'akụkụ efere dị mkpa, dị ka egosiri na foto a; mgbe ọkpụrụkpụ efere dị ntakịrị, enwere ike iji akụkụ isi ịgbado ọkụ na-adịghị mma. A kọwapụtara nkwụghachi ịgbado ọkụ dị ka anya dị n'etiti nleba anya laser na nsọtụ nke nnukwu efere ahụ. Site n'ịgbanwe ihe nkwụsị ịgbado ọkụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke weld dent nwere ike ibelata na enwere ike nweta akụkụ nke ọma weld cross-ngalaba.
Mgbe ị na-agbado efere nwere nnukwu oghere, ị nwere ike ịbawanye dayameta ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ dị irè site n'ịtụgharị nkuku ihu abụọ iji nweta ikike ndochi oghere dị mma. A na-ekpebi obosara nke elu nke weld site na dayameta beam dị irè nke eriri laser abụọ ahụ, ya bụ, ntụgharị ntụgharị nke oghere. Nke ka ukwuu n'akuku ntụgharị, na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ nke okpukpu abụọ, na-abawanye obosara nke akụkụ elu nke weld. Igwe laser abụọ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche na usoro ịgbado ọkụ. A na-ejikarị otu esi banye n'ime eriri, ebe a na-ejikarị nke ọzọ agbaze nnukwu efere iji mejupụta oghere ahụ. Dị ka e gosiri na Figure 6-35, n'okpuru a nti ntugharị ntụgharị akụkụ (ihu ọkụ na-eme na oké efere, n'azụ doo na-arụ ọrụ na weld), n'ihu doo na-eme na oké efere na-ekpo ọkụ na gbazee ihe, na. nke na-esonụ The laser doo na-emepụta penetration. The mbụ laser doo na n'ihu nwere ike naanị partially gbazee oké efere, ma ọ na-enye aka nke ukwuu na ịgbado ọkụ usoro, n'ihi na ọ bụghị nanị gbazee n'akụkụ nke oké efere n'ihi na mma oghere ndochi, kamakwa tupu isonyere nkwonkwo ihe nke mere na. ogwe ndị na-esonụ Ọ dị mfe ịgbanye site na nkwonkwo, na-enye ohere maka ịgbado ọkụ ngwa ngwa. Na ịgbado ọkụ okpukpu abụọ na akụkụ ntụgharị na-adịghị mma (obere ihu na-arụ ọrụ na weld, na azụ azụ na-arụ ọrụ na nnukwu efere), ogwe abụọ ahụ nwere mmetụta dị iche. Oghere mbụ na-agbaze nkwonkwo, na nke ikpeazụ agbazekwa nnukwu efere iji mejuo ya. oghere. N'okwu a, a na-achọ ọkụ n'ihu iji weld site na efere oyi, na ịgbado ọkụ na-adị nwayọọ karịa iji akụkụ ntụgharị ntụgharị dị mma. Na n'ihi na preheating mmetụta nke gara aga doo, nke ikpeazụ ibé ga-agbaze ọzọ oké efere ihe n'okpuru otu ike. N'okwu a, ike nke eriri laser ikpeazụ kwesịrị ibelata nke ọma. N'iji atụnyere, iji akụkụ ntụgharị ntụgharị dị mma nwere ike ịbawanye ọsọ ịgbado ọkụ n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị, na iji akụkụ ntụgharị ihu na-adịghị mma nwere ike nweta ndochi oghere ka mma. Onyonyo 6-36 na-egosi mmetụta nke dị iche iche ntughari ntughari n'akụkụ obe nke weld.
3.4 Igwe ọkụ laser okpukpu abụọ nke nnukwu efere buru ibu Site na mmụba nke ọkwa ike laser na ogo beam, ịgbado ọkụ laser nke nnukwu efere buru ibu aghọwo eziokwu. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi na lasers dị elu dị oke ọnụ yana ịgbado ọkụ nke nnukwu efere na-achọkarị metal filler, enwere oke ụfọdụ na nrụpụta n'ezie. Ojiji nke teknụzụ ịgbado ọkụ nke abụọ-beam nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị ịbawanye ike laser, kamakwa ịbawanye dayameta ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ, mee ka ikike ịgbaze waya filler, mee ka oghere igodo laser guzosie ike, melite nkwụsi ike ịgbado ọkụ, ma melite ogo ịgbado ọkụ.
Oge nzipu: Eprel-29-2024
