A na-eji ma ịgbado ọkụ laser na ịgbado ọkụ arc eme ihe kemgbe ogologo oge maka mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ma na-enye ohere maka ọtụtụ ojiji n'ọhịa nke teknụzụ njikọta ihe. Usoro ndị a nke ọ bụla nwere mpaghara ọrụ ya kpọmkwem, dịka akọwara site na usoro anụ ahụ nke ibuga ike gaa na akụkụ ọrụ na site na mmiri ike enwere ike inweta. A na-ebufe ike site na isi iyi laser gaa na ihe maka nhazi site na radieshon infrared coherent dị elu, site na iji eriri fiber-optic. Arc na-ebufe okpomọkụ dị mkpa maka ịgbado ọkụ site na ọkụ eletrik dị elu na-asọba na akụkụ ọrụ site na kọlụm arc. Radieshon laser na-eduga na mpaghara dị warara nke okpomọkụ metụtara nke nwere oke nha nke omimi ịgbado ọkụ na obosara akwa (mmetụta miri emi nke ịgbado ọkụ). Ike njikọta oghere nke usoro ịgbado ọkụ laser dị obere nke ukwuu, n'ihi obere dayameta nlebara anya ya, mana n'aka nke ọzọ ọ nwere ike iru ọsọ ịgbado ọkụ dị elu. Usoro ịgbado ọkụ arc nwere obere njupụta ike, mana ọ na-akpata nnukwu ebe nlebara anya n'elu akụkụ ọrụ ahụ ma a na-amata ya site na ọsọ nhazi dị nwayọ. Site na ijikọta usoro abụọ a, enwere ike nweta njikọ bara uru. N'ikpeazụ, nke a na-eme ka o kwe omume inweta uru dị mma na uru mmepụta na injinịa, yana mmezi ọnụ ahịa. Usoro a na-enye ngwa na-adọrọ mmasị na nke na-adọrọ adọrọ, ma na ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọala, ọkachasị n'ihi na a na-ekwe ka a na-anabata ike dị elu na njikọta, enwere ike ịbawanye ọnụego njikọ, yana enwere ike nweta ezigbo paramita igwe/teknụzụ.
1. Okwu Mmalite:
A marala otu esi ejikọta ọkụ laser na arc ka ọ bụrụ usoro ịgbado ọkụ agbakọtara kemgbe afọ 1970, mana ruo ogologo oge ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ dịghị ọrụ mmepe ọzọ emere. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ndị nchọpụta atụgharịala uche ha gaa na isiokwu a ọzọ ma gbalịa ijikọ uru nke arc na nke laser, na usoro ịgbado ọkụ agbakọtara. Ebe n'oge mbụ, isi iyi laser ka nwere iji gosipụta na ha dabara adaba maka ojiji ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, taa ha bụ ngwa teknụzụ ọkọlọtọ n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
A na-akpọ njikọta nke ịgbado ọkụ laser na usoro ịgbado ọkụ ọzọ "usoro ịgbado ọkụ ngwakọ". Nke a pụtara na ogwe laser na arc na-arụ ọrụ n'otu oge n'otu mpaghara ịgbado ọkụ, ma na-emetụta ma na-akwado ibe ha.
2. Laser:
Ịgbado ọkụ laser anaghị achọ naanị ike laser dị elu kamakwa ọkụ dị elu iji nweta "mmetụta miri emi nke njikọta". Enwere ike iji ogo dị elu nke osisi ahụ mee ihe iji nweta obere dayameta lekwasịrị anya ma ọ bụ anya focal ka ukwuu.
Maka ọrụ mmepe ndị a na-arụ ugbu a, a na-eji laser siri ike nke nwere ọkụ nke nwere ike ọkụ laser nke 4 kW. A na-ebufe ọkụ laser ahụ site na eriri iko 600 µm.
A na-ebufe ọkụ laser ahụ site na eriri iko, nke a na-eme ka mmalite na njedebe ya dị jụụ site na mmiri. A na-egosi ogwe laser ahụ n'elu ihe ọrụ ahụ site na modulu na-elekwasị anya nke nwere anya focal nke 200 mm.
3. Usoro ngwakọ laser:
Maka ọrụ ígwè ịgbado ọkụ, a na-elekwasị anya na ọkụ laser Nd:YAG na ike karịrị 106W/cm2. Mgbe ọkụ laser ahụ rutere n'elu ihe ahụ, ọ na-eme ka ebe a kpoo ọkụ ruo okpomọkụ ikuku, a na-emekwa oghere ikuku n'ime ígwè ịgbado ọkụ n'ihi uzuoku ígwè na-apụ apụ. Ihe pụrụ iche nke seam weld bụ oke omimi ya ruo obosara. Njupụta ike na mmiri nke arc na-ere ọkụ n'enweghị nsogbu dị ntakịrị karịa 104 W/cm2. Foto 1 na-egosi isi ihe dị mkpa nke ịgbado ọkụ ngwakọ. Osisi laser
Egosipụtara ebe a na-enye okpomọkụ na ígwè ịgbado ọkụ n'akụkụ elu nke ákwà ahụ, tinyere okpomọkụ sitere na arc. N'adịghị ka nhazi usoro ebe usoro ịgbado ọkụ abụọ dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ n'usoro, a pụrụ ile njikọ ịgbado ọkụ ngwakọ anya dị ka njikọta nke usoro ịgbado ọkụ abụọ na-arụ ọrụ n'otu oge n'otu mpaghara usoro. Dabere na usoro arc ma ọ bụ laser ejiri, yana na paramita usoro, usoro ndị a ga-emetụta ibe ha ruo n'ókè dị iche na n'ụzọ dị iche iche [1, 2].
Site na njikọta nke usoro laser na usoro arc, enwere mmụba na omimi nke njikọta weld na ọsọ ịgbado ọkụ (ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke ọ bụla n'ime usoro ejiri n'onwe ya). Uzu ígwè nke na-esi n'ime oghere uzuoku apụta na-arụ ọrụ na plasma arc. Mbubata nke radieshon laser Nd:YAG na plasma nhazi ka dị ntakịrị. Dabere na oke nke ntinye ike abụọ a họọrọ, enwere ike ikpebi njirimara nke usoro ahụ dum ruo n'ogo ka ukwuu ma ọ bụ obere site na laser ma ọ bụ site na arc [3,4].
Foto nke 1: Nhazi eserese: Ịgbado ọkụ Laser
Ọkụ nke elu ihe eji arụ ọrụ na-emetụta oke okpomọkụ nke ihe eji arụ ọrụ. Tupu usoro ịgbado ọkụ laser amalite, a ga-ebu ụzọ merie ntụgharị mbụ, ọkachasị n'elu aluminom. Enwere ike ime nke a site na ịmalite ịgbado ọkụ na mmemme mmalite pụrụ iche. Mgbe erutela okpomọkụ nke ihe eji arụ ọrụ, a na-emepụta oghere uzuoku, nke na-eme ka ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ike radieshon niile dị na ihe eji arụ ọrụ ahụ. Ya mere, ike achọrọ maka nke a na-adabere na nnabata okpomọkụ na oke ike furu efu.
site na mbugharị n'ime akụkụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Na njikọta LaserHybrid, vaporization na-eme ọ bụghị naanị site n'elu ihe eji arụ ọrụ kamakwa site na waya ihe eji emeju ihe, nke pụtara na enwere ọtụtụ uzuoku ígwè dị, nke na-eme ka radieshon laser dị mfe. Nke a na-egbochikwa nkwụsị usoro [5, 6, 7, 8, 9].
4. Ngwa ụgbọala:
Site na iji teknụzụ oghere, mbelata ibu nke 43% ga-ekwe omume ma e jiri ya tụnyere ahụ ụgbọala ígwè.
Foto nke 2: Echiche nke oghere Audi A2
Oghere Audi A2 nwere laser mita 30 (mkpụrụ edo edo dị na foto nke 2) na ogologo njikọta MIG mita 20. Na mgbakwunye, a na-ejikwa rivets 1700.
Foto nke 3: Ntụnyere nke profaịlụ na usoro njikọta na Audi-A2
Foto nke 4 na-egosi njikọ LaserHybrid nke ihe a kpụrụ akpụ ALMg3 yana ihe mpempe akwụkwọ AlMgSi. Waya ihe na-ejupụta bụ AlSi5 na gas nchekwa ejiri bụ Argon. Site na mmụba ike laser, enwere ike ịbanye n'ime miri emi. Ijikọta oghere laser na arc n'ụzọ dị otu a na-enweta ọdọ mmiri weld buru ibu karịa usoro weld beam laser n'onwe ya. Nke a na-eme ka o kwe omume ịgbado akụkụ nwere oghere sara mbara.
Foto nke 4: Njikọ ahụ nwere oghere nke 0.5 mm
N'ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọala, e nwere ọtụtụ ngwa nke ịgbado ọkụ n'elu ihe na-enweghị nkwadebe nkwonkwo. Ugbu a, usoro kachasị mma maka ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ a bụ usoro ịgbado ọkụ laser na waya ihe na-eme ka ihe dị jụụ, n'ihi mgbawa ọkụ nke alloy AA 6xxx. Mgbe ejiri waya ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya sie ike, ọtụtụ ike laser ga-efu iji gbazee waya ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya dị na ihe ahụ.
Foto na-esote na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti ịgbado ọkụ LaserHybrid na ịgbado ọkụ Laser na njikọ overlap nke nwere ọsọ ịgbado ọkụ nke 2.4m/min. N'ihe gbasara ịgbado ọkụ laser, enweghị ohere iji mejupụta agbado ọkụ ahụ, a na-emepụtakwa obere ihe e ji agbaji ya. Ọzọkwa, obere ihe na-abanye n'ime ihe ndị dị n'okpuru ya. Obosara agbado ọkụ ahụ dị obere, ya mere a ga-atụ anya ike nrụgide dị ala. N'ihe gbasara ịgbado ọkụ LaserHybrid,
A na-ebuga ihe ndị ọzọ n'ime ọdọ mmiri ịgbado ọkụ. A na-ejupụta waya sitere na usoro MIG, a na-echekwakwa akụkụ nke ike laser ugbu a. Ike laser a echekwara nwere ike iji mee ka ntinye banye n'ime ihe ndabere ahụ dịkwuo elu, obosara bead ịgbado ọkụ ahụ buru ibu karịa ọkpụrụkpụ ihe ahụ, nke achọrọ site na ngụkọ ọnụọgụgụ.
Foto nke 5 Ntụnyere n'etiti ịgbado ọkụ LaserHybrid na laser na-enweghị waya ihe njupụta
Site na usoro ịgbado ọkụ LaserHybrid, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịgbado ihe ndị e ji Aluminom, ígwè na ígwè anaghị agba nchara rụọ site na ọkpụrụkpụ ihe ruru mm 4. Ọ bụrụ na ọkpụrụkpụ ya dị oke elu, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịbanye n'ime zuru oke. Maka ijikọ ihe ndị e ji Zinc kpuchie, ọ ka mma iji usoro ịgbado ọkụ laser.
Ngwa ndị ọzọ dị na ụgbọ ala bụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ike, axles na ahụ ụgbọala, ebe usoro ịgbado ọkụ laser nwere ike ịdị mma.
Isi ịgbado ọkụ:
Isi ịgbado ọkụ kwesịrị inwe obere akụkụ geometric, iji hụ na enwere ike ịnweta ihe ndị a ga-agbado ọkụ nke ọma, ọkachasị n'ọhịa ahụ. Ọzọkwa, ekwesịrị ime ya ka o kwe ka njikọ kwesịrị ekwesị dị na isi robot ahụ na mgbanwe usoro dị ka anya focal, na anya nkwụsị ọkụ na nhazi Cartesian niile. Foto nke 5 na-egosi isi ịgbado ọkụ, ebe usoro ahụ na-arụ ọrụ. Ịgbasa nke na-eme n'oge usoro ịgbado ọkụ na-eduga n'ịba ụba nke unyi nke iko nchebe. A na-ekpuchi iko quartz n'akụkụ abụọ ahụ na ihe mgbochi ntụgharị uche ma ebumnuche ya bụ ichebe sistemụ anya laser site na mmebi.
Dabere n'otú unyi si dị, ihe na-agbaze n'ime iko ahụ nwere ike ime ka ike laser nke na-emetụta ihe e ji arụ ọrụ belata ruo 90%. Ntụpọ dị arọ na-eduga ná mbibi nke iko nchebe ahụ, n'ihi na iko ahụ n'onwe ya na-amịkọrọ nnukwu akụkụ nke ike radiant ahụ, na-akpata nrụgide okpomọkụ na iko ahụ. Site na isi ịgbado ọkụ ahụ na ngwa ịgbado ọkụ ahụ, enwere ike iji ya maka ịgbado ọkụ LaserHybrid, ịgbado ọkụ laser, ịgbado ọkụ MSG naỊkwanye waya ọkụ na laser.
Fig. 6: Isi ịgbado ọkụ na usoro
5. Uru nke ịgbado ọkụ laser ngwakọ:
Uru ndị a sitere na njikọta nke arc na laser beam: Uru nke LaserHybrid welding karịa laser welding:
• nkwụsi ike usoro dị elu
• ike ịgbakọ ihe dị elu
• ntinye miri emi
• obere ọnụ ahịa itinye ego n'isi obodo
• ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma
Uru nke ịgbado ọkụ Laser Hybrid karịa ịgbado ọkụ MIG:
• ọsọ ịgbado ọkụ dị elu
• ntinye miri emi na ọsọ ịgbado ọkụ dị elu
• obere ntinye okpomọkụ
• ike nrụgide dị elu
• ákwà mgbochi njikọta dị warara
Fig. 7: Uru dị na ijikọta usoro abụọ ahụ
Usoro ịgbado ọkụ arc bụ isi iyi ike dị ọnụ ala, ikike akwa mmiri dị mma na ebe a na-etinye ihe e ji eme ka ihe owuwu ahụ metụta. Ihe ndị pụrụ iche nke usoro ịgbado ọkụ laser, n'aka nke ọzọ, bụ nnukwu omimi ịgbado ọkụ, ọsọ ịgbado ọkụ dị elu, obere ibu okpomọkụ na obere njikọta ịgbado ọkụ nke ọ na-enweta. N'elu njupụta osisi ụfọdụ, ogwe laser na-emepụta "mmetụta ịgbado ọkụ miri emi" na ihe ígwè nke na-eme ka akụkụ nwere ọkpụrụkpụ mgbidi ka ukwuu nwee ike ịgbado ọkụ - ma ọ bụrụhaala na ike laser dị elu nke ọma. N'ihi ya, ịgbado ọkụ laser na-eme ka ọsọ ịgbado ọkụ dị elu, nkwụsi ike usoro n'ihi mmekọrịta dị n'etiti arc na ogwe laser, mmụba arụmọrụ okpomọkụ na nnabata akụkụ ọrụ ka ukwuu. N'ihi na ọdọ mmiri ịgbado ọkụ dị obere karịa na usoro MIG, enwere obere ntinye okpomọkụ na ya mere obere mpaghara metụtara okpomọkụ. Nke a pụtara obere njikọta ịgbado ọkụ.
mgbagọ, nke na-ebelata ọnụọgụ ọrụ nhazi mgbe welded gasịrị nke kwesịrị ịrụ.
Ebe e nwere ọdọ mmiri abụọ dị iche iche nke ịgbado ọkụ, ntinye okpomọkụ sitere na arc pụtara na a na-enye ogwe laser - mpaghara ịgbado ọkụ - karịsịa n'ihe gbasara ígwè - ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ mgbe ịgbado ọkụ gasịrị, na-agbasa uru siri ike nke ọma n'ofe akwa ahụ. Foto nke 6 na-achịkọta uru nke usoro njikọta (ya bụ ngwakọ).
Ugbu a, lee uru akụ na ụba nke ịgbado ọkụ ngwakọ karịa ịgbado ọkụ laser, enwere ike ikwu okwu ndị a: Seam njikọ ahụ nwere akụkụ nke ịgbado ọkụ laser na akụkụ nke ịgbado ọkụ MIG. Usoro njikọ ahụ na-eme ka o kwe omume ibelata ike nke oghere laser, nke pụtara na ike oriri nke isi iyi laser nwere ike ibelata nke ukwuu, ebe ọ bụ na ngwaọrụ oghere laser nwere arụmọrụ nke naanị 3%. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ: Mbelata nke 1 kW na ike oghere laser nke na-emetụta ọrụ ahụ na-eduga na mbelata nke ihe dị ka 35 kVA na ike a na-eri site na isi ọkụ eletrik.
Ngwa ọkụ laser na-efu ihe dịka EUR 0.1 m maka 1 kW nke ọ bụlaike ọkụ laserIji were naanị otu ihe atụ, n'ọnọdụ ebe iji usoro ngwakọta eme ihe na-eme ka o kwe omume iji ngwaọrụ laser 2 kW kama nke nwere ike 4 kW nke ọkụ eletrik, nke a na-eme ka e chekwaa EUR 0.2 m na mmefu ego. Agbanyeghị, a ghaghị icheta ebe a na maka usoro ngwakọta ahụ, a ga-achọ igwe MIG nke na-efu ihe dị ka EUR 20,000.
N'ihi ọsọ ịgbado ọkụ dị elu, ma oge mmepụta ihe na ọnụ ahịa ịgbado ọkụ nwere ike ibelata.
6. Ịchacha waya ọkụ na laser:
Ohere ọzọ maka ijikọta oghere laser na waya ihe ndochi bụ usoro LaserHotwire [10]. N'ime usoro a, a na-eme ka waya ihe ndochi ahụ dị ọkụ na otu isi iyi ike ahụ, nke enwere ike iji maka ya.Usoro ịgbado ọkụ laser ngwakọ. Waya ihe eji emeju ihe nwere ibu dị ugbu a site na 100 A ruo 220 A. Ọsọ nri waya dabere na akụkụ obe nke bead brazing na ọsọ brazing. Brazing na-enye, site na ọnụọgụ ígwè ihe eji emeju ihe, ihe eji akpụ ihe nke enwere ike imecha ngwa ngwa karịa njikọ njikọta yiri ya. Site na brazing nke akụkụ mpempe akwụkwọ, enwere ike ịrụ ọrụ ndozi n'ụzọ dị mfe karịa ka ọ ga-adị na njikọ welded. Otu uru nke brazing LaserHotwire bụ ezigbo iguzogide nchara nke mpaghara brazed.
Dịka ọla e ji emeju ihe, a na-eji ihe ndị e ji ọla kọpa mee dị ọnụ ala dịka SG-CuSi3, Argon na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka gas na-echebe ihe.
Fig. 8: Nhazi atụmatụỊkwanye waya ọkụ na laser:
Foto na-esote na-egosi akụkụ obe nke ihe e ji waya Laser mee. A na-eji ọsọ nke 3 m/min mee ihe mkpuchi zinc, waya e ji emeju ihe nwekwara ibu dị ugbu a nke 205 A. Ntinye okpomọkụ dị obere nke ukwuu, ya mere obere mgbanwe bụ nsonaazụ nke usoro brazing.
7. Nchịkọta:
Ịkwado Laser Hybrid bụ teknụzụ ọhụrụ kpamkpam nke na-enye njikọta maka ọtụtụ ebe a na-eji ya na ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ ígwè, ọkachasị ebe ọ gaghị ekwe omume ma ọ bụ nwee ego iji nweta nguzogide ihe ndị dị mkpa maka ya.ịgbado ọkụ laserUsoro ojiji sara mbara na ikike dị elu nke usoro ejikọtara ọnụ na-eduga na mmụba asọmpi n'ihe gbasara mbelata mmefu ego, obere oge mmepụta, obere ọnụ ahịa mmepụta na mmụba mmepụta.
Usoro LaserHybrid na-enyekwa ụzọ ọhụrụ maka ịgbado ọkụ nke aluminom. Agbanyeghị, usoro kwụsiri ike nke enwere ike iji na omume aghọọla ihe kwere omume n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, n'ihi ike mmepụta dị elu nke laser siri ike. Ọtụtụ ọmụmụ enyochala isi ihe dị na usoro ịgbado ọkụ laser-arc-hybrid. Site na "usoro ịgbado ọkụ ngwakọ", anyị na-ekwu maka njikọta nke ịgbado ọkụ laserbeam na usoro ịgbado ọkụ arc, yana naanị otu mpaghara usoro (plasma na gbazee). Ọmụmụ ihe nyocha bụ isi egosila na enwere ike ime usoro nke - site na ijikọta usoro abụọ ahụ - njikọta na enwere ike ịkwụ ụgwọ maka ọghọm nke usoro ọ bụla dị iche, na-ebute ohere ịgbado ọkụ ka mma, ịgbado ọkụ na ntụkwasị obi ịgbado ọkụ maka ọtụtụ ihe na ihe owuwu dị iche iche. Karịsịa, egosipụtala nke a maka alloys aluminum. Site na ịhọrọ paramita usoro dị mma, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịhọrọ mmetụta nke ihe ndị dị ka geometry na nhazi nhazi. Usoro ịgbado ọkụ arc na-eme ka ịgbado ọkụ dịkwuo elu site na ịgbakwunye ígwè na-ejupụta; ọ na-ekpebikwa obosara ịgbado ọkụ ma si otú a na-ebelata oke nkwadebe ọrụ dị mkpa. Ọzọkwa, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti usoro ndị a na-eduga n'ịbawanye nke ọma na arụmọrụ nke usoro ahụ. Usoro njikọta a chọkwara obere ego itinye ego karịa usoro ịgbado ọkụ laser.
Enwere ike iji usoro brazing Laser Hot waya karịsịa maka ihe mkpuchi zinc iji nweta ezigbo nguzogide nchara.
Oge ozi: Eprel-18-2025
