Ịgbado ọkụ Laser - Mmetụta nke Oscillation Parameters na Mgbanwe Mgbaaka Mgbanaka (ARM) Ịgbado ọkụ Laser nke Aluminom Alloys

Ịgbado ọkụ Laser - Mmetụta nke Oscillation Parameters na Mgbanwe Mgbaaka Mgbanaka (ARM) Ịgbado ọkụ Laser nke Aluminom Alloys

1. Nchịkọta

Ọmụmụ ihe a na-enyocha mmetụta nke amplitude na ugboro ole oscillation na-enwe na ogo elu, nnukwu na obere ihe owuwu, na porosity nke ọnọdụ mgbanaka a na-agbanwe agbanwe (ARM)welded laser oscillatingA5083 aluminum alloy efere. Nsonaazụ ya gosiri na ka mmụba nke oscillation amplitude na ugboro ole na ole na-abawanye, mma elu weld na-aka mma. Ka oscillation na-abawanye, akụkụ weld na-agbanwe site na ọdịdị "goblet" gaa na ọdịdị "crescent". Nyocha microstructural na-egosi na nha ọka nke weld anaghị ebelata ka mmụba nke oscillation amplitude na ugboro ole na ole n'ihi asọmpi dị n'etiti mmetụta mkpali na mbelata nke ọsọ oyi. Porosity weld na-ebelata ka mmụba nke paramita oscillation, na-erute porosity ikpeazụ nke 0.22% mgbe oscillation bụ 2 mm. X-ray tomography nke akụkụ atọ na-akwadokwa mmetụta nke oscillation na nkesa pore: nnukwu pores na-agbakọta n'azụ ọdọ mmiri gbazere agbaze, ebe obere pores na-egosi symmetry ka mma. Nnyocha a na-enye nghọta bara uru maka imeziwanye paramita oscillation iji nweta njikọta laser dị elu na ngwa alloy aluminum A5083.

2 Ndabere Ụlọ Ọrụ

Aluminom alloys nwere uru dị ka ibu dị mfe, ike pụrụ iche dị elu, na ezigbo iguzogide nchara, a na-ejikwa ha nke ọma na ụgbọ ala, ụgbọ okporo ígwè dị elu, ụgbọelu na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Ịgbado ọkụ laser nwere uru dị na arụmọrụ dị elu, obere mpaghara okpomọkụ metụtara, na obere mgbanwe ịgbado ọkụ. Ya mere,Ịkwado laser bụ ụzọ ịgbado ọkụ dị ọnụ ala nke dabara adaba maka efere dị oke arọ, nke nwere ike ibelata ọnụọgụ nke ngafe njikọta. Porosity bụ nnukwu ntụpọ na njikọta laser nke alloys aluminom, nke na-emetụta nke ukwuu n'ihe gbasara igwe nke njikọ njikọta. Ya mere, emeela nnyocha sara mbara iji belata ma wepụ nhazi porosity, gụnyere imeziwanye gas nchebe, itinye teknụzụ dual-beam, iji sistemụ ike laser modulated, na ịnakwere ụzọ oscillating beam. Teknụzụ njikọta laser na-apụta ìhè maka ikike ya ijikọta uru nke njikọta laser na njirimara nke ya. Iji njikọta laser na-agbanwe agbanwe nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị ibelata porosity kamakwa melite obere nhazi nke njikọta ahụ ma melite mma njikọta ahụ. Ọtụtụ ọmụmụ elebara anya karịsịa n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke njikọta laser na-agbanwe agbanwe, gụnyere mbelata porosity, imeziwanye nkesa ike, imeziwanye nhazi ọka, na njirimara nke mmiri ịgbaze na ọdọ mmiri gbazere agbaze. Nkesa nke ike laser na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na nkesa okpomọkụ na omimi ntinye nke njikọta laser. Na oke oscillation ụfọdụ, yana mmụba nke ugboro nyocha, usoro njikọta na-agbanwe site na njikọta miri emi na njikọta na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, na n'ikpeazụ gaa na njikọta okpomọkụ. Nsonaazụ ya gosiri na mmụba nke oke na ugboro ole nyocha nwere ike ibelata porosity, kamakwa belata omimi nke weld ahụ nke ukwuu, si otú a na-ebelata ihe onwunwe igwe nke weld ahụ. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, emepụtala laser ụdị mgbanaka a na-agbanwe agbanwe (ARM), nke na-ekewa ike laser ahụ ka ọ bụrụ isi nwere oke ike na mgbanaka nwere obere njupụta ike, na-achọ ime ka oghere igodo ahụ guzosie ike ma melite mma ịgbado ọkụ. Ndị nchọpụta ejirila weld ARM laser oscillating iji weld 6xxx alloys aluminom dị elu n'okpuru oke ike isi/mgbanaka dị iche iche na obosara oscillation. Nsonaazụ nnwale ahụ na-egosi na isi ihe na-emetụta geometry weld bụ obosara oscillation, kama oke ike nke mgbanaka isi. Agbanyeghị, amụbeghị nkesa oghere na usoro mgbochi ya n'okpuru nnọchi anya oscillation na laser ARM. N'akwụkwọ a, a na-eji teknụzụ weld ARM oscillating laser ọhụrụ iji belata porosity nke weld ahụ, nweta omimi ntinye dị elu na mma ịgbado ọkụ ka mma. A na-eme nnyocha zuru oke gbasara nkesa ike laser, omume mgbanwe mmiri agbaze agbaze, na obere nhazi n'okpuru ugboro na oke oscillation dị iche iche.

3. Ebumnuche na Usoro Nnwale

E jiri teknụzụ ịgbado ọkụ laser okirikiri iji jikọta alloys aluminom. Ihe e ji mee ya bụ 5083-O aluminum alloy nke nwere nha 300mm × 100mm × 5mm (ogologo × obosara × ọkpụrụkpụ), a na-egosikwa ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ ya na tebụl ahụ. Tupu ịgbado ọkụ, a na-eme ka ihe nlele ndị ahụ dị mma iji wepụ ihe nkiri oxide dị n'elu, wee jiri acetone hichaa ya na ultrasonic bat maka nkeji iri na ise iji wepụ mmanụ dị n'elu.sistemụ ịgbado ọkụ laserihe mejupụtara ya bụ robot Kuka, laser diski TruDisk 8001, na ihe nyocha galvanometer 3D PFO. E jiri laser diski TruDisk 8001 mee ihe dị ka isi iyi laser mgbanaka a na-agbanwe agbanwe, yana oke eriri etiti/mgbanaka nke 100/400 μm na ike mmepụta kachasị nke 8 kW (ogologo ebili mmiri nke 1030 nm, paramita mma nke osisi nke 4.0 mm·rad). E ji akụkụ isi na akụkụ mgbanaka mee oghere laser ahụ, ebe laser dị na akụkụ isi etiti na-emepụta oghere igodo (60% nke ike laser), laser dị na akụkụ mgbanaka ahụ na-eme ka nkesa okpomọkụ dị mma (40% nke ike laser), dịka egosiri na Foto (b). Ogologo focal nke collimator na lenso na-elekwasị anya bụ 138 mm na 450 mm, n'otu n'otu. N'oge usoro ịgbado ọkụ, ejiri igwefoto ọsọ ọsọ nke Phantom V1840 na isi iyi ọkụ Cavilux dị elu iji nyochaa usoro ịgbado ọkụ n'oge, yana ọsọ ịgba égbè nke 5000 fps na oge ikpughe nke 1 μs. N'ọmụmụ ihe a, a kọwara ụzọ mgbagharị okirikiri nke ìhè, ụzọ mmegharị laser, na ọsọ ozugbo dịka egosiri na eserese ahụ.

Nsonaazụ na Mkparịta ụka 4

4.1 Àgwà nke Ọdịdị Njikọta ... N'ụzọ bụ isi, ọdịdị nke njikọta laser na-adabere n'ihe kpatara ya na mmegharị nke eriri laser ahụ. N'oge njikọta, mgbanwe na oke njikọta na ugboro ole na-agbanwe ọsọ njikọta ahụ, si otú a na-emetụta njupụta ike kwụ ọtọ na ntinye okpomọkụ zuru oke nke laser ahụ. Ọdịdị nke njikọta nke njikọta ahụ dị ka "goblet", nke nwere akụkụ abụọ: akụkụ ala bụ "stem", akụkụ elu bụkwa "bowl". A kọwara omimi ntinye na "stem" dị ka H1 na H2, n'otu n'otu, a kọwakwara obosara nke njikọta ("bowl") na "stem" dị ka W1 na W2, n'otu n'otu. Ma obosara njikọta W1 na W2 na-abawanye n'otu oge na mmụba nke oke njikọta, ọdịdị njikọta na-agbanwe nwayọ nwayọ site na ọdịdị "goblet" gaa na ọdịdị "crescent". Njupụta ike laser kachasị elu na-apụta na trajectory reverse. N'ịtụnyere ọnụọgụgụ (b, d) na (c, e), a pụrụ ịhụ na mmụba nke ugboro nyocha ga-eme ka mpaghara trajectory na-ejikọta n'ụzọ nyocha dịkwuo elu, na-eme ka nkesa ike laser dịkwuo otu. Agbanyeghị, mbelata nke oke ike ga-eduga na mbelata na omimi nke weld.

4.2 Àgwà Ọdọ Mmiri A kpụrụ akpụ Iji mee ka mmetụta nke ụzọ nyocha na omume ọdọ mmiri a kpụrụ akpụ doo anya, e jiri sistemụ igwefoto ọsọ ọsọ hụ usoro evolushọn nke ọdọ mmiri a gbazere agbaze na oghere igodo. Foto (a) na-egosi usoro evolushọn nke ọdọ mmiri a gbazere agbaze n'okpuru ụzọ kwụ ọtọ. Foto (bf) bụ eserese evolushọn nke ọdọ mmiri a gbazere agbaze n'okpuru paramita oscillation dị iche iche. Site na mmụba nke ugboro oscillation na oke, akụkụ azụ nke ọdọ mmiri a gbazere agbaze na-aghọ gburugburu karịa n'ihi mmụba nke obosara ọdọ mmiri a gbazere agbaze. Ka ogologo ọdọ mmiri a gbazere agbaze na-abawanye, mgbanwe elu nke mgbawa oghere igodo kpatara na-ebelata n'oge mgbasa azụ. Ya mere, ígwè mmiri mmiri a gbazere agbaze na-esi ike nke ọma na mgbe niile na njedebe azụ nke ọdọ mmiri a gbazere agbaze, na-emepụta nha azụ̀ welded dị ka nke ọma na nke siri ike. Foto ahụ na-egosi mgbanwe nke ebe oghere oghere igodo n'oge ịgbado ọkụ laser, nke sitere na onyonyo foto ọsọ ọsọ nke ọdọ mmiri a gbazere agbaze. Dịka egosiri na Foto (a), n'oge ịgbado ọkụ ahịrị kwụ ọtọ, nha oghere oghere igodo na-egosi mgbanwe doro anya. A hụrụ ọtụtụ ihe atụ nke mmechi oghere igodo (0 mm²), yana nkezi mpaghara oghere igodo nke 0.47 mm². Mmụba nke oke oscillation nwekwara ike ibelata mgbanwe ma melite nkwụsi ike. Nke a bụ n'ihi na na njikọta oscillation, a na-ekesa oke ike n'akụkụ abụọ. Ya mere, ihe na-esi na oghere igodo ahụ gbasaa, oke oscillation na-abawanye, si otú a na-amụba mpaghara mmeghe. Mmụba nke oke oscillation na-agbasa oke mkpali nke oghere laser ahụ, na-eduga na mgbasawanye nke radius nke mmegharị oge nke oghere igodo ahụ. N'ihi viscosity nke ígwè a gbazere agbaze na nrụgide hydrodynamic na-arụ ọrụ nso mgbidi oghere igodo, mmegharị eddy na-eme na ọdọ mmiri agbaze agbaze dị nso na oghere oghere igodo ahụ. Mgbasawanye nke ebe mmeghe oghere igodo na-eme ka nkwụsi ike ya dịkwuo elu, na-ezere ịmepụta afụ, ma si otú a na-egbochi porosity nke ukwuu.

4.3 Nha nhata Ihe osise a na-egosi ọdịdị EBSD nke ngalaba njikọta weld n'okpuru ugboro ole na nha nhata na oke ya. N'akụkụ ahịrị njikọta nke weld laser, mkpụrụ dendrite columnar na-eto gaa n'etiti weld. Dịka egosiri na Foto (a), n'etiti mpaghara "efere" na "stem", enwere ike ịhụ ọdịiche doro anya na nkesa ọka columnar. A na-ekesa mkpụrụ kọlụm n'ụdị U n'akụkụ mgbidi "efere", ebe na mpaghara "stem", a na-ekesa mkpụrụ kọlụm n'ụdị U n'akụkụ ahịrị njikọta. N'oge njikọta nke weld, mkpụrụ siri ike nke akụkụ na mpaghara njikọta na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ebe nucleation maka ihu siri ike ma na-eto nke ọma na ókèala ọdọ mmiri gbazere agbaze n'akụkụ ntụziaka nke oke okpomọkụ kachasị. Ihe a na-eme n'ihi na njupụta ike dị elu nke laser na-eduga na oke ọkụ n'ime ọdọ mmiri ịgbado ọkụ. Oke okpomọkụ dị elu G na ọnụego uto dị ala R na-eme ka G/R dị elu karịa oke maka mgbanwe microstructure, na-ebute mmepụta nke mkpụrụ kọlụm. Oke okpomọkụ G na ebe a na-agbakọta ihe na-ebelata, na-eme ka oke G/R daa nwayọ nwayọ n'okpuru oke mgbanwe nhazi microstructure, na-agbanwe gaa na mkpụrụ ndị e jikọtara ọnụ. Mkpụrụ ndị e jikọtara ọnụ dị n'akụkụ etiti nke ma "efere" na "ogwe". Ebe ọ bụ na "ogwe" nke weld dị warara ma dị nso na ihe ndabere, ọ na-esi ike kpamkpam tupu mpaghara "efere" ahụ n'oge oyi. Akụkụ "ogwe" siri ike na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ebe nucleation na ala nke "efere", na-akwalite uto elu nke mkpụrụ kọlụm. Foto ahụ na-egosi usoro ịgbado ọkụ kwụ ọtọ na nke na-agbagharị agbagharị. Egosiri na mgbanwe na-aga n'ihu nke ọnọdụ oghere laser na ịgbado ọkụ laser ga-eme ka ogologo nke ọdọ mmiri gbazere agbaze dị n'etiti dịkwuo elu, na-agbaze ígwè siri ike ọzọ, na-ebute mbelata na ọnụego uto ọka r. Nke a nwere ike ibute mbelata na G/R na mpaghara ọka e jikọtara ọnụ dị ala.

4.4 Nkesa Porosity E jiri ihe onyonyo X-ray nke akụkụ atọ mee nnyocha zuru oke nke weld ahụ, na-enweta nkesa atọ nke pores na weld ahụ, dịka egosiri na eserese ahụ. A na-agbakọ porosity dị ka mkpokọta olu nke pores kewara site na mkpokọta olu nke weld ahụ. Site na iji atụnyere ọdịdị pore na nkesa nke welds oscillating laser kwụ ọtọ na welds oscillating laser okirikiri, achọpụtara na welds oscillating laser kwụ ọtọ nwere pores buru ibu karịa, yana porosity nke 2.49%, nke dị elu karịa nke okirikiri.njikọta oscillating laserSite n'ịtụnyere Foto (b, c) na (d, e), a pụrụ ịhụ na ịbawanye ugboro oscillation na-enyere aka igbochi mmepụta pores. N'ịtụnyere Foto (b, d) na (c, e), a pụrụ ịhụ na mmụba nke oke oscillation na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa n'igbochi nhazi pores. Mgbe a mụbara oke oscillation ruo 2 mm (Foto (f)), a na-ebelata porosity ahụ ruo 0.22%, na-ahapụ naanị obere olu na obere pores. Foto ahụ na-egosi nkesa mpaghara pore n'ebe dị iche iche site na etiti weld, na-anọchite anya porosity dabere na nha mpaghara pore. Maka ịgbado ọkụ kwụ ọtọ, a na-ekesa mpaghara pore ahụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi n'akụkụ etiti weld ahụ, ma jiri nwayọ belata ka anya si na etiti weld ahụ na-abawanye. Nsonaazụ ya na-egosi na pores ndị e tinyere na oghere igodo na-elekwasị anya n'azụ 后壁 nke ọdọ mmiri gbazere agbaze na etiti weld ahụ. Maka ịgbado ọkụ laser, symmetry nke nkesa pore na-adịwanye njọ. Foto a na-egosi mpaghara oghere ahụ n'ebe dị anya dị iche iche site na elu weld, ebe ahịrị uhie ahụ na-anọchi anya ókè dị n'etiti mpaghara "efere" na "stem". N'ihe gbasara nnukwu pores (Foto (ac)), mpaghara oghere dị n'elu ókèala ahụ karịrị 85%. Nke a bụ n'ihi na mgbanwe contour na ogologo ókèala itudinal nwere ike ijide afụfụ n'ọdọ mmiri weld, afụfụ ndị a dọbara na-akwaga elu n'okpuru mmetụta nke buoyancy. N'ihe gbasara obere pores ndị a ma ama (Foto (df)), pores ndị ahụ dị n'ime mpaghara dị n'ime 0.5 mm n'okpuru ahịrị ókèala ahụ. Oge oyi dị mkpirikpi na obere mbugharị elu nwere ike ịbụ ihe kpatara ihe a.

Mmechi 5

(1) Ụdị oscillation dị iche iche nke laser nwere mmetụta doro anya na elu weld. Oke na ugboro ole dị elu nwere ike ime ka mma elu dịkwuo mma, ebe oke oscillation buru ibu nwere ike ime ka ọ sie ike ma kpatara ntụpọ concave.

(2) A na-ekpebikarị ụdị ịgbado ọkụ site na paramita oscillation laser, nke na-emetụta ọsọ ịgbado ọkụ, nkesa ike, na ntinye okpomọkụ zuru oke. Ka mmụba nke oke oscillation na-abawanye, ọdịdị ịgbado ọkụ na-agbanwe site na "goblet" gaa na "crescent", oke akụkụ ahụ na-ebelatakwa.

(3) Ka mmụba nke oke na ugboro ole oscillation na-abawanye, ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-aghọ nke sara mbara ma akụkụ azụ na-aghọ nke gbara gburugburu. Mmetụta oscillation na-eme ka ogologo ọdọ mmiri ahụ gbazere agbaze dịkwuo elu, nke bara uru maka mgbapụ afụ na ịdị ike otu. N'oge ịgbado ọkụ kwụ ọtọ, ebe oghere oghere igodo na-agbanwe; n'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, enwere ike ibelata mgbanwe a, na-eme ka nkwụsi ike ịgbado ọkụ dịkwuo mma.

(4) Ịbawanye oke na ugboro ole oscillation na-ebelata ma okpomọkụ gradient na uto, nke bara uru maka ịmepụta nnukwu nha ọka. Agbanyeghị, mmetụta laser na-akpali akpali na-enyere aka imeziwanye nha ọka ma melite ike udidi. N'okpuru paramita laser dị iche iche, ike weld na-anọgide na-adịgide adịgide, dị ntakịrị ala karịa nke ihe ndabere, nke nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi mfu nke magnesium.

(5) Ihe onyonyo X-ray nke nwere akụkụ atọ na-egosi na ịgbado ọkụ kwụ ọtọ nwere porosity dị elu (2.49%) na olu pore buru ibu karịa ịgbado ọkụ. Ịbawanye paramita oscillation nwere ike ibelata porosity nke ukwuu, ọbụna ruo 0.22% mgbe oke ya dị 2 mm. Nkesa mpaghara pore na-agbanwe na oscillation: nnukwu pores na-agbakọta n'azụ ọdọ mmiri gbazere agbaze, obere pores na-enwekwa symmetry ka mma. A na-ekesa nnukwu pores n'elu ókèala dị n'etiti mpaghara "efere" na "stem", ebe obere pores dị n'okpuru ókèala ahụ.