1.1 Ịgbado ọkụ laser dị n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, yana atụmanya uto ka mma karịa ịkpụ na akara.
Ngwa ịgbado ọkụ laserdị n'etiti usoro mmepụta ihe. Elu nke usoro mmepụta ihe laser gụnyere ihe anya, ihe ndị dị na ngwa anya, akụkụ igwe, wdg. N'etiti usoro ahụ nwere ngwa laser na ngwa laser. Ngwa laser bụ isi ihe dị na ngwa laser, ngwa nhazi laser gụnyerekarị ịkpụ laser, ịgbado ọkụ laser, na ngwa akara laser. N'akụkụ ala nke usoro ahụ gụnyere batrị lithium, semiconductor, fotovoltaics, ngwa eletrọniki ndị ahịa, wdg.
Ahịa laser nwere nnukwu ikike, yana eriri lasers na-achịkwa ngwa, ebe siri ike lasers dabara adaba maka obere micro-machining. Dịka ọnụ ọgụgụ Laser Focus World si kwuo, nha ahịa laser zuru ụwa ọnụ mụbara site na ijeri $13.07 na 2017 ruo ijeri $16.01 na 2020, yana CAGR nke 13.37%. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere ya, ahịa laser nke China toro site na ijeri $6.95 na 2017 ruo ijeri $10.91 na 2020, yana CAGR nke 16.22%. Site na 2017 ruo 2020, òkè China nke ahịa laser zuru ụwa ọnụ mụbara site na 53.2% ruo 68.1%. Na 2020, lasers ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ruru 32.2% nke ahịa laser zuru ụwa ọnụ, na-eme ka ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe bụrụ ngwa mbụ dị n'okpuru ala. Site na gain medium, lasers gụnyere fiber lasers, solid-state lasers (ewezuga fiber lasers), liquid lasers, na gas lasers. Na 2020, laser fiber na laser siri ike ruru 52.7% na 16.7% nkengwa laser ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, n'otu n'otu, yana eriri lasers na-achịkwa ojiji ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere eriri lasers, siri ike-state lasers nwere uru dịka ike dị elu na obere mpaghara okpomọkụ metụtara, na-eme ka ha dabara adaba maka obere obere igwe.
Laser YAG na laser eriri nwere ike nke ha. Laser YAG bụ laser siri ike nwere matrix kristal YAG. Uru ha gụnyere: ① ikike maka ịgbado ọkụ n'otu oge ma ọ bụ nke na-ekerịta oge; ② ike dị elu, dabara adaba maka ịgbado ọkụ ntụpọ; ③ ọnụ ala, na-enye uru ọnụ ahịa, wdg. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere laser eriri, laser YAG nwere ụfọdụ oghere na ịdị mma nke ìhè na arụmọrụ mgbanwe fotoelectric. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi obere ike nke laser eriri, ha enweghị uru dị ukwuu karịa laser YAG na ịgbado ọkụ. Dabere na ọnọdụ ngwa akọwapụtara, enwere ike iji ma laser YAG na eriri na ịgbado ọkụ batrị ike.
Ịcha, ịgbado ọkụ, na akara bụ isi ihe eji eme laser ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Na 2020, ịkpụ, ịgbado ọkụ, na akara ruru 40.62%, 13.52%, na 12.6% nke ahịa ngwa laser, n'otu n'otu. Mgbe ha nwetasịrị uto ngwa ngwa site na 2014 ruo 2017, ngwa ịkpụ laser na-eche asọmpi ọnụahịa siri ike ugbu a n'ihi mmụba nke ndị asọmpi. Akara bụ ngwa laser tozuru oke nke nwere ahịa kwụsiri ike. Na-erite uru site na mmụba nkeaka na ịgbado ọkụ laserna ọganihu dị elu nke batrị ike dị n'okpuru ala, a na-atụ anya na ngwa ịgbado ọkụ ga-anọgide na-eto nke ọma n'ime afọ ole na ole sochirinụ.
Ma e jiri ya tụnyere ịkpụ na akara, ịgbado ọkụ laser nwere ihe achọrọ teknụzụ dị elu. Ịgbado ọkụ laser nwere akụkọ mmepe dị mkpụmkpụ karịa ịkpụ na akara laser, nsogbu usoro ya dịkwa ukwuu. Ịcha na akara laser na-eji laser emebi elu ma ọ bụ nhazi zuru oke nke ihe, ebe ịgbado ọkụ laser na-eji laser agbaze ma wughachi ihe owuwu ihe. Nrụgharị ihe, ma e jiri ya tụnyere mbibi nhazi dị mfe, chọrọ ụkpụrụ dị elu maka lasers na usoro nhazi.
Ma e jiri ya tụnyere ịgbado ọkụ ọdịnala, ịgbado ọkụ laser nwere uru dị ukwuu. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere ịgbado ọkụ ọdịnala, ịgbado ọkụ arc, na ịgbado ọkụ eletrọn, ịgbado ọkụ laser na-enye uru dị ka ọsọ dị elu, obere mgbanwe, obere ihe achọrọ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, njupụta ike dị elu, mgbochi na ubi magnet, itinye ihe ndị na-abụghị ndị na-eduzi ya, enweghị mkpa maka gburugburu ebe obibi vacuum, na enweghị mmepụta X-ray n'oge ịgbado ọkụ. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe nrụpụta ziri ezi dị elu, ọkachasị na ụgbọ ala ike ọhụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ batrị ike. Batrị ike nwere ọtụtụ ebe ịgbado ọkụ nwere nnukwu ihe isi ike na ihe achọrọ maka nkenke. Uru pụrụ iche nke ịgbado ọkụ laser nwere ike ime ka nchekwa batrị dịkwuo mma, ntụkwasị obi, ịdịgide, belata ọnụ ahịa, ma gbasaa ndụ ọrụ.
Ahịa ngwa ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ laser na-eto ngwa ngwa. Site na 2016 ruo 2020, ahịa ngwa ọrụ laser nke China toro site na ijeri yuan 38.2 ruo ijeri yuan 69.2, yana CAGR nke 15.79%. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere ya, ahịa ngwa ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ laser nke China gbasaa site na ijeri yuan 4.17 ruo ijeri yuan 11.05, yana CAGR nke 27.59%, karịa uto ngwa ọrụ laser niile.
II. Àgwà nke Igwe Ịgbado Ọkụ Laser
- Nkọwa Dị Elu: Osisi laser ahụ nwere obere ntụpọ, na-enye ohereịgbado ọkụ dị eluỌ dị mma maka ngwaahịa ndị chọrọ izi ezi nke ịgbado ọkụ, dịka ihe eletrọniki na ngwaọrụ ahụike.
- Ọsọ Dị Elu: Ịgbado ọkụ laser na-eme ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka arụmọrụ mmepụta dịkwuo mma nke ukwuu. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụzọ ịgbado ọkụ ọdịnala, ọ nwere ike ịrụcha ọtụtụ ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ n'ime obere oge.
- Mpaghara Obere nke Okpomọkụ Na-emetụta: Njikọta laser na-ebelata mmebi okpomọkụ na ihe ndị e ji arụ ọrụ n'ihi obere mpaghara okpomọkụ ya. Nke a pụtara obere mgbanwe na njirimara ihe mgbe ejiri ya rụọ ọrụ, na-eme ka arụmọrụ igwe na ịdị mma dị mma.
- Ike Mgbanwe Dị Ike: Igwe ịgbado ọkụ laser nwere ike ịgbado ọkụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ọla, plastik, na seramiiki. Maka ịgbado ọkụ dị iche iche, naanị paramita laser ka achọrọ ka emezigharịrị.
- Akwa akpaaka: Enwere ike ijikọta igwe ịgbado ọkụ laser na akụrụngwa akpaaka iji nweta mmepụta akpaaka, nke na-eme ka arụmọrụ ka mma kamakwa ọ na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa ọrụ na ike.
3.1 Ngwa Ubi nke Ịkwado Laser
A na-eji teknụzụ ịgbado ọkụ laser eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ n'ihi oke nkenke ya, ọsọ ya, na mgbanwe ya. Lee isi ihe ndị e ji eme ya:
- Ụlọ Ọrụ Ụgbọala: A na-ejikarị ịgbado ọkụ laser eme ihe n'ịrụpụta ụgbọala, ọkachasị n'ịrụpụta ahụ. Ọnụọgụgụ na-egosi na ihe karịrị 80% nke ndị na-emepụta ụgbọala n'ụwa niile na-eji ịgbado ọkụ laser eme ihe maka ịgbado ọkụ ahụ iji mee ka ọ sie ike ma dịkwa mfe. A na-ejikwa ya eme ihe na mmepụta nke ihe ndị dị na injin, sistemu ikuku, na sistemu akpa ikuku.
- Ụgbọelu: N'ihe gbasara ụgbọelu, a na-eji ịgbado ọkụ laser eme ihe maka ikike ya inye njikọ siri ike. A na-eji ya eme ihe n'ịmepụta fuselages ụgbọelu, nhazi nku, na ihe ndị mejupụtara ụgbọelu iji hụ na ha kwụsiri ike ma dịkwa mfe. Akụkọ na-egosi na ịgbado ọkụ laser nwere ike ibelata ibu ụgbọelu site na 20% ma na-echekwa ọnụ ahịa.
- Ngwaọrụ Ahụike: Ịgbado ọkụ laser na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịmepụta ngwaọrụ ahụike, ọkachasị maka akụkụ ziri ezi nke ejiri ígwè anaghị agba nchara na titanium alloys mee. Ọ na-eme ka ịgbado ọkụ na-enweghị mmetọ, nke na-enweghị oke nrụgide, na-emezu ihe achọrọ maka ngwaọrụ ahụike dị ọcha na nke ziri ezi.
- Ụlọ Ọrụ Eletrọniki: N'ihe gbasara eletrọniki, a na-ejikarị ịgbado ọkụ laser eme ihe maka ịkwakọba sekit agbakwunyere, ngwaọrụ semiconductor, na ngwaọrụ optoelectronic. Mpaghara ya dị obere nke okpomọkụ na-ebelata mmebi okpomọkụ na ihe eletrọniki ndị dị nro, na-eme ka a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na mgbakọ eletrọniki dị elu.
- Ngwa Nkịtị: N'ịmepụta ngwa nkịtị ziri ezi, a na-eji ịgbado ọkụ laser eme ihe n'elekere, ọla, na ngwongwo okomoko ndị ọzọ n'ihi ikike ya imezu oke nkenke,ịgbado ọkụ dị eluỌ na-eme ka ngwaahịa ndị a mara mma ma kwụsie ike ruo ogologo oge.
Oge ozi: Nọvemba-12-2025
