Ojiji nke teknụzụ ịkpụzi osisi na mmepụta ihe mgbakwunye laser metal

Teknụzụ mmepụta ihe mgbakwunye laser (AM), nke nwere uru ya dị ka izi ezi nrụpụta dị elu, mgbanwe siri ike, na oke akpaghị aka dị elu, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ịmepụta ihe ndị dị mkpa n'ọhịa dịka ụgbọ ala, ahụike, ụgbọelu, wdg. (dịka ihe mkpuchi mmanụ roket, ihe nkwado antenna satịlaịtị, ihe ndị e tinyere n'ime mmadụ, wdg). Teknụzụ a nwere ike ime ka arụmọrụ njikọta nke akụkụ ebipụtara ka mma nke ukwuu site na imepụta ihe owuwu na arụmọrụ agbakwunyere. Ugbu a, teknụzụ mmepụta ihe mgbakwunye laser na-ejikarị ihe mkpuchi Gaussian lekwasịrị anya nke nwere ike dị elu na nkesa ike dị ala. Agbanyeghị, ọ na-emepụtakarị ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ dị elu na agbaze, na-eduga na mmepụta nke pores na mkpụrụ osisi siri ike na-esote. Teknụzụ ịkpụzi ihe mgbochi bụ ụzọ ọhụrụ iji dozie nsogbu a, nke na-eme ka arụmọrụ mbipụta na ịdị mma dịkwuo mma site na ịhazi nkesa nke ike ọkụ laser.

Ma e jiri ya tụnyere mwepụ ọdịnala na mmepụta ihe nhata, teknụzụ mmepụta ihe mgbakwunye ígwè nwere uru dịka oge obere oge nrụpụta, izi ezi nhazi dị elu, oke ojiji ihe, na arụmọrụ zuru oke nke akụkụ. Ya mere, a na-eji teknụzụ mmepụta ihe mgbakwunye ígwè eme ihe nke ukwuu n'ụlọ ọrụ dịka ụgbọelu, ngwa agha na akụrụngwa, ike nuklia, biopharmaceuticals, na ụgbọala. Dabere na ụkpụrụ nke nkwụsịtụ dị iche iche, imepụta ihe mgbakwunye ígwè na-eji isi iyi ike (dị ka laser, arc, ma ọ bụ electron beam) agbaze ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ waya, wee tinye ha n'otu oyi akwa iji mepụta ihe achọrọ. Teknụzụ a nwere uru dị ukwuu n'ịmepụta obere ogbe, ihe owuwu dị mgbagwoju anya, ma ọ bụ akụkụ ahaziri ahazi. Ihe ndị na-enweghị ike ịhazi ma ọ bụ sie ike iji usoro ọdịnala dịkwa mma maka nkwadebe site na iji usoro mmepụta ihe mgbakwunye. N'ihi uru ndị a dị n'elu, teknụzụ mmepụta ihe mgbakwunye adọtala mmasị zuru oke site n'aka ndị ọkà mmụta ma n'ime obodo ma n'ụwa niile. N'ime iri afọ ole na ole gara aga, teknụzụ nrụpụta ihe mgbakwunye emeela ọganihu ngwa ngwa. N'ihi akpaaka na mgbanwe nke akụrụngwa nrụpụta ihe mgbakwunye laser, yana uru zuru oke nke njupụta ike laser dị elu na izi ezi nhazi dị elu, teknụzụ nrụpụta ihe mgbakwunye laser emepụtala nke kachasị ọsọ n'etiti teknụzụ nrụpụta ihe mgbakwunye ígwè atọ a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu.

Enwere ike kewaa teknụzụ mmepụta ihe mgbakwunye ígwè laser n'ime LPBF na DED. Foto nke 1 na-egosi eserese eserese nke usoro LPBF na DED. Usoro LPBF, nke a makwaara dị ka Selective Laser Melting (SLM), nwere ike imepụta ihe mejupụtara ígwè dị mgbagwoju anya site na inyocha ogwe laser ike dị elu n'akụkụ ụzọ kwụ ọtọ n'elu akwa ntụ ntụ. Mgbe ahụ, ntụ ntụ ahụ na-agbaze ma na-eme ka oyi akwa sie ike site na oyi akwa. Usoro DED gụnyere usoro mbipụta abụọ: ntinye agbaze laser na imepụta ihe mgbakwunye nri waya laser. Teknụzụ abụọ a nwere ike imepụta ma rụzie akụkụ ígwè ozugbo site na inye ntụ ntụ ígwè ma ọ bụ waya n'otu oge. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere LPBF, DED nwere mmepụta dị elu na mpaghara nrụpụta buru ibu. Na mgbakwunye, usoro a nwekwara ike ịkwadebe ihe mejupụtara na ihe ndị a na-enye ọkwa dị mma. Agbanyeghị, ịdị mma elu nke akụkụ ndị DED bipụtara anaghị adị mma mgbe niile, a na-achọkwa nhazi ọzọ iji melite izi ezi nke akụkụ ebumnuche.

N'usoro mmepụta ihe mgbakwunye laser dị ugbu a, osisi Gaussian a na-elekwasị anya na-abụkarị isi iyi ike. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi nkesa ike pụrụ iche ya (etiti dị elu, ọnụ ala dị ala), o nwere ike ibute oke okpomọkụ na enweghị ntụkwasị obi nke ọdọ mmiri agbaze. Nke a na-ebute ọdịdị adịghị mma nke akụkụ ebipụtara. Na mgbakwunye, ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ etiti nke ọdọ mmiri agbaze dị oke elu, ọ ga-eme ka ihe ndị dị n'ime ígwè gbazere agbaze ghara ịdị ọkụ, na-eme ka usoro LBPF ka njọ. Ya mere, na mmụba nke porosity, njirimara igwe na ndụ ike ọgwụgwụ nke akụkụ ebipụtara na-ebelata nke ukwuu. Nkesa ike na-adịghị mma nke osisi Gaussian na-edugakwa na obere arụmọrụ ojiji ike laser na oke mkpofu ike. Iji nweta mma mbipụta ka mma, ndị ọkà mmụta amalitela inyocha ịkwụ ụgwọ maka ntụpọ nke osisi Gaussian site na ịgbanwe paramita usoro dịka ike laser, ọsọ nyocha, ọkpụrụkpụ oyi akwa ntụ ntụ, na atụmatụ nyocha, iji chịkwaa ohere nke ntinye ike. N'ihi windo nhazi dị warara nke usoro a, oke anụ ahụ a kapịrị ọnụ na-ebelata ohere nke imeziwanye ihe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịbawanye ike laser na ọsọ nyocha nwere ike ime ka nrụpụta dị elu, mana ọ na-abụkarị ihe na-akpata ọnwụ nke ịdị mma mbipụta. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ịgbanwe nkesa ike laser site na atụmatụ ịkpụzi osisi nwere ike ime ka arụmọrụ nrụpụta na ịdị mma mbipụta dịkwuo mma, nke nwere ike ịbụ ntụziaka mmepe n'ọdịnihu nke teknụzụ nrụpụta mgbakwunye laser. Teknụzụ ịkpụzi osisi na-ezo aka n'ịgbanwe nkesa ebili mmiri nke ogwe ntinye iji nweta ike nkesa na njirimara mgbasa ozi achọrọ. E gosipụtara ojiji nke teknụzụ ịkpụzi osisi na teknụzụ nrụpụta mgbakwunye ígwè na Foto 2.

Ojiji nke teknụzụ ịkpụzi osisi na mmepụta ihe mgbakwunye laser

Enweghị ike nke mbipụta osisi Gaussian ọdịnala

N'ime teknụzụ mmepụta ihe mgbakwunye laser ígwè, nkesa ike nke osisi laser nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na mma nke akụkụ ebipụtara. Ọ bụ ezie na ejirila osisi Gaussian mee ihe nke ukwuu na ngwa mmepụta ihe mgbakwunye laser ígwè, ha na-enwe nnukwu nsogbu dịka ịdị mma mbipụta na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, obere ojiji ike, na windo usoro dị warara na usoro mmepụta ihe mgbakwunye. N'ime ha, usoro ịgbaze nke ntụ ntụ na ike nke ọdọ mmiri gbazere agbaze n'oge usoro mgbakwunye laser ígwè nwere njikọ chiri anya na ọkpụrụkpụ nke oyi akwa ntụ. N'ihi ọnụnọ nke mpaghara ịgbaze ntụ ntụ na mbuze, ọkpụrụkpụ nke oyi akwa ntụ ahụ dị elu karịa atụmanya echiche. Nke abụọ, kọlụm steam kpatara isi ihe mgbawa jet azụ. Uzuoku ígwè ahụ na-adakọ na mgbidi azụ iji mepụta mgbawa, nke a na-efesa n'akụkụ mgbidi ihu na mpaghara concave nke ọdọ mmiri gbazere agbaze (dịka egosiri na Foto 3). N'ihi mmekọrịta dị mgbagwoju anya dị n'etiti osisi laser na mgbawa, mgbawa ndị a na-agbapụ nwere ike imetụta ịdị mma mbipụta nke oyi akwa ntụ na-esote nke ukwuu. Na mgbakwunye, nhazi nke oghere igodo na ọdọ mmiri gbazere na-emetụtakwa ịdị mma nke akụkụ ebipụtara nke ukwuu. Isi ihe kpatara oghere dị n'ime nke ihe e biri ebi bụ oghere mkpọchi na-adịghị akwụsi ike.

Usoro nhazi nke ntụpọ na teknụzụ ịkpụzi osisi

Teknụzụ ịkpụzi osisi nwere ike ime ka arụmọrụ dịkwuo mma n'ọtụtụ akụkụ n'otu oge, nke dị iche na osisi Gaussian nke na-eme ka arụmọrụ dịkwuo mma n'otu akụkụ ma na-efu akụkụ ndị ọzọ. Teknụzụ ịkpụzi osisi nwere ike ịhazi nke ọma nkesa okpomọkụ na njirimara mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri agbaze. Site n'ịchịkwa nkesa ike laser, a na-enweta ọdọ mmiri gbazere agbaze nke nwere obere okpomọkụ. Nkesa ike laser kwesịrị ekwesị bara uru maka igbochi porosity na sputtering ntụpọ, na imeziwanye ịdị mma nke ibipụta laser na akụkụ ígwè. Ọ nwere ike imeziwanye ọtụtụ mmezi na arụmọrụ mmepụta na ojiji ntụ ntụ. N'otu oge ahụ, teknụzụ ịkpụzi osisi na-enye anyị atụmatụ nhazi ndị ọzọ, na-eme ka nnwere onwe nke nhazi usoro dị ukwuu, nke bụ ọganihu mgbanwe na teknụzụ nrụpụta mgbakwunye laser.